阑尾炎与疝气.docVIP

Appendix In infants, the appendix is a conical diverticulum at the apex of the cecum, but with differential growth and distention of the cecum, the appendix ultimately arises on the left and dorsally approximately 2.5 cm below the ileocecal valve. The aptaenia of the colon converge at thc base of the appendix, an arrangement that helps in locating this structure at operation. The appendix is fixed retrocecally in 16% of adults and is freely mobile in the remainder. The appendix in youth is characterized by a large concentration of lymphoid follicles that appear 2 weeks after birth and number about 200 or more at age 15. Thereafter, there is progressive atrophy of lymphoid tissue, concomitant with fibrosis of the wall and partial or total obliteration of the lumen. If the appendix has a physiologic function, it is probably related to the presence of lymphoid follicles. Reports of a statistical relationship between appendectomy and subsequent carcinoma of the colon and other neoplasms in humans are not supported by controlled studies. conical圆锥的; 圆锥形的diverticulum肠盲囊,小囊突,憩室 apex顶点,最高点 cecum盲肠 distention膨胀; 延伸 dorsally背侧地ileocecal valve回盲瓣 retrocecally盲肠后的 lymphoid follicles淋巴样滤泡,淋巴小结;progressive atrophy萎缩 concomitant伴发的,伴行的,并发的 concomitant with协同 obliteration涂去, 抹消, 删除 lumen管腔,流明,腔appendectomy阑尾切除术 neoplasm肿瘤ileocecal lymphoid appendicitis阑尾炎 Hernia An external hernia is an abnormal protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue or the whole or part of a viscus through an opening or fascial defect in the abdominal wall. About 75% of hernias occur in the groin (indirect inguinal, direct inguinal, femoral). Incisional and ventral hernias comprise about 10%; umbilical, 3%; and others, about 3%. Generally, a hernial mass is composed of covering tissues (skin, subcutaneous tissues, etc), a peritoneal sac, and any contained viscera. Particularly if the neck of the sac is narrow where it emerges from the abdomen, bowel pro