第17-18次课 symmetrical faults.pptVIP

iac(t) 次暂态电抗暂态电抗稳态电抗 （次暂态电抗） （暂态电抗） 稳态电抗 同步发电机三相短路电磁暂态过程 次暂态电流Subtransient fault current 暂态电流Transient fault current 稳态电流Steady-state current direct axis subtransient reactance（次暂态电抗） direct axis transient reactance（暂态电抗） direct axis synchronous reactance（稳态电抗，直轴d同步电抗） Three-phase short circuits-unloaded synchronous machine iac(t) Subtransient fault current（次暂态电流） Transient fault current（暂态电流） Steady-state current（稳态电流） Power system three-phase short circuits In order to calculate the subtransient fault current for a three-phase short circuit in a power system, we make the following assumptions: 1. Transformers are represented by their leakage reactances. Winding resistances, shunt admittance, and △ –Y phase shifts are neglected. 2. Transmission lines are represented by their equivalent series reactances. Series resistances and shunt admittances are neglected. Power system three-phase short circuits 3. Synchronous machine are represented by constant-voltage sources （无穷大电源） behind subtransient reactances. Armature resistance, saliency, and saturation are neglected. 4.All nonrotating impedance loads are neglected. 5.Induction motors are either neglected or represented in the same manner as synchronous machine . Calculation of short circuits Ideality sources （无穷大电源） 是一种理想电源。特点是：电源功率相对很大。内阻抗相对很小以及电源端电压保持恒定。 Short circuits include(短路电流包括): ac fault current or steady-state fault current (周期分量)、dc offset current (非周期分量。) Calculation of short circuits 短路计算的基本步骤是： 制定电力系统故障时的等效电路、网络简化、对短路暂态过程进行实用计算。 电力系统故障分析计算大多采用标幺制。 Calculation of short circuits 三相短路电流的实用计算: 简单电力系统发生三相短路时起始次暂态电流近似计算：取 G1 G2 1 2 3 短路点的电流为： 三相短路电流的实用计算 叠加(superposition)原理的应用,（b）单位电源与电源电动势共同作用，(c)故障点单位电源电压分量单独作用，计算待求得故障分量，短路点的电流为正常分量(很小可忽略)与故障分量的叠加（a）. 电网中任意点的短路电流等于该点短路前的电压除以电网对该点的等值电抗. Calculation of short circuits Calculation of short circuits Application of superposition to a power system three-phase short circuit: (b) Short circuit represented by two opposing voltage source (d) VF set