开链运动和闭链运动-.pptVIP

开链运动与闭链运动;目 录;运动链;In open kinetic chain (OKC) exercise, the terminal segment of the extremity moves freely without any external resistance. The sequential activation of muscles in OKC exercise from proximal to distal allows rapid acceleration and speed of the distal segment. In closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise, the distal segment of the extremity is fixed, and proximal motion takes place in multiple planes. A common error in developing an exercise program is failure to assess the proximal and distal segments of the entire extremity, or kinetic chain. A kinematic chain is a series of interrelated joints that constitute a complex motor unit, constructed so that motion at one joint will produce motion at the other joints in a predictable manner. Whereas kinematics describes the appearance of motion, kinetics involves the forces, whether internal (e.g., muscle contractions or connective tissue restraints) or external (e.g., gravity, inertia, or segmental masses) that affect motion. Initially, a closed kinetic chain (CKC) was characterized as the distal segment of the extremity in an erect, weight-bearing position, such as the lower extremity when a person is weight bearing. Subsequently, when the distal segment of the extremity is free to move without causing motion at another joint, such as when non-weight bearing, the system was referred to as an open kinetic chain (OKC). When force is applied, the distal segment may function independently or in unison with the other joints. Movements of the more proximal joints are affected by OKC and CKC positions. For example, the rotational components of the ankle, knee, and hip reverse direction when moving from an OKC to CKC position. Because of incongruities between the lower and upper extremity, particularly in the shoulder region, several authors have challenged the traditional definition of OKC and CKC positions. Stabilizing muscles in the scapulothoracic region produces a joint compression force that stabilizes the gle