供应链管理8分析.ppt

8.1 Design For Logistics 8.1.1 Introduction 产品和物流设计能影响运输成本与库存费用 Product and process design key cost drivers of product cost Design for Manufacturing used design to decrease manufacturing costs Major supply chain costs include transportation costs, inventory costs, distribution costs Design for Logistics uses product design to address logistics costs Key Concepts of Design for Logistics Economic packaging and transportation Concurrent/Parallel Processing Postponement 8.1.2 Economic Transportation and Storage 对产品的设计，使其可以有效包装和储存 包装越紧凑，运费越便宜 IKEA家具 零售商喜欢体积小，易包装的产品 Wal-Mart的堆放 大批量到仓库，配送前最后包装 可获运输经济规模 Examples Ikea World’s largest furniture retailer 131 stores in 21 countries Large stores, centralized manufacturing, compactly and efficiently packed products Rubbermaid Clear Classic food containers - designed to fit 14x14” Wal-Mart shelves 8.1.3 Concurrent/ Parallel Processing Objective is to minimize lead times Achieved by redesigning products so that several manufacturing steps can take place in parallel Modularity/Decoupling(模块化/分解概念) is key to implementation Enables different inventory levels for different parts The Network Printer Example 8.1.4 Postponement Shortening lead times is not always possible How else can inventory levels be reduced and forecast accuracy improved? 制造何种产品和产品差异化的决策延迟在产品开始生产以后，使一类或一系列产品延迟区分为专门的产成品，这种方法称为延迟产品差异。 为什么延迟能有帮助？ 产品多样性大部分只是微小的变化 延迟是可能的 需求预测随风险共享而变得精确了 延迟减少库存水平 通用产品可用风险共担来预测 具体衍生产品可到最后生成以满足需求 实施延迟差异 1. 重新排序 对产品生产步骤进行修改, 使对具体物品或产品进行差异化的生产步骤尽可能地往后延迟. 案例: 本尼顿公司用重新排序改善供应链运营. Benetton Background A world leader in knitwear Massive volume, many stores Logistics Large, flexible production network Many independent subcontractors Subcontractors responsible for product movement Retailers Many, small stores with limited storage Benetton Supply Cycle Primary collection in stores in January Final designs in March of previous year Store owners place firm orders through July Production starts in July based on first 10% of orders A