加拿大西部历史2分析.ppt

The Fur Trade and Conflict (1500 – 1821) First Nations Peoples Numerous names - Indians, Natives, Eskimos, Savages, etc Not a uniform culture - various tribes and groups - different languages, culture, and dress - many showed respect for “the land” - partially due to land area and climate Wars took place (from time to time) - small scale, no large scale destruction - involved alliances Before the Europeans Mi’Kmaq Ojibwa Cree Inuit Early Explorers 1400s and 1500s Era of Exploration - Trying to find the North West Passage to China - many European nations involved Informal Trade (various European nations) - fishing in the Grand Banks (officially uncharted) - fishermen drying their catches before return (beaches) - trade with natives – metal items for fur coats - would be sold when arrived in Europe France attempts first settlement in 1541 - fails, loss of 60 colonists - England and France try again 60 years later - informal trade continued The North West Passage Early Fur Trading Main Points of New France Began with Quebec City in 1608 - founded by Samuel du Champlain - explored nearby areas Seigneurial System (landownership) - long-thin plots: access to rivers and roads - agriculture limited success - France wanted furs not agriculture Slow population growth - less women in New France (1666 2 to 1) - many men in were explorers/traders - less concern with European-Native unions (Metis) No democracy, feudal leadership from France French in the Fur Trade 2 Kinds of Fur Trader - “Voyageurs” (Traveler) had permit - “Courier des Bois” (Runner of the Woods) independent - many took native wives, learned native languages - men explore beyond the St. Lawrence River - went as far west as Saskatchewan French Fur Trade Formalized - due to losses to Dutch and British (Eastern US) - Several monopolies established (Problem: Taxes) - Company of One Hundred Associates - Alliances with First Nations Tribes (Huron) - acti