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carbon emission allocation and efficiency of eu countries欧盟国家的碳排放分配和效率
Modern Economy, 2012, 3, 590-596
/10.4236/me.2012.35078 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/me)
Carbon Emission Allocation and Efficiency of EU
*
Countries
Ming-Chung Chang
Department of Banking and Finance, Kainan University, Taiwan, China
Email: changmc@.tw
Received June 2, 2012; revised July 1, 2012; accepted July 10, 2012
ABSTRACT
Reduction of CO2 emissions is increasingly important among countries that want to protect the environment against
global warming and climate change. This study examines two methods of CO emission reduction—CO emission allow-
2 2
ance and an international agreement—by applying the Zero Sum Gains Model and the Cooperation and Alliance Model.
We conclude that all DMUs reach 100% efficiency after trading on the CO2 emission allowance. The international
agreement also improves the average efficiency of all DMUs, but its effect is inferior to the trading of the CO2 emission
allowance.
Keywords: CO2 Emission Allowance; International Agreement
1. Introduction ance based on a post emission record. In the benchmark-
ing principle, the EU ETS allocation rules consider the
An excess of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has caused
member states’ production technology and specific pro-
th
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