P元素分析.docx

元素分析讨论论文磷元素分析2013年3月26日目录磷的概况············································································································3来源············································································································3用途············································································································3磷的测定············································································································52.1 甘油磷酸磷注射液中磷的含量的测定······················································52.2 所有食品及保健品中磷元素含量的测定·················································6磷的应用············································································································83.1生理功能·········································································································83.2磷在人体中的作用························································································93.3元素间的影响·································································································93.4植物影响·······································································································10磷的概况磷第15号化学元素，处于元素周期表的第三周期、第VA族。磷存在与人体所有细胞中，是维持骨骼和牙齿的必要物质，几乎参与所有生理上的化学反应。磷还是使心脏有规律地跳动、维持肾脏正常机能和传达神经刺激的重要物质。没有磷时，烟酸不能被吸收；磷的正常机能需要维生素（维生素食品） D 和钙（钙食品）来维持。－－－－－－－－－－－－－－元素符号:P元素相对原子质量：30.971．1来源1、以磷酸盐矿存在于自然界。2、单质磷是由磷酸钙、石英砂和碳粉的混合物在电弧炉中熔烧或蒸馏尿液而制得。3、食物来源：磷在食物中分布很广，无论动物性食物或植物性食物，在其细胞中，都含有丰富的磷，动物的乳汁中也含有磷，所以磷是与蛋白质并存的，瘦肉、蛋、奶、动物的肝、肾含量都很高，海带、紫菜、芝麻酱、花生、干豆类、坚果粗粮含磷也较丰富。但粮谷中的磷为植酸磷，不经过加工处理，吸收利用率低。1.2用途用于制造磷肥、火柴、烟火、杀虫剂、牙膏和除垢剂。自然界中，已知磷矿物有200多种，具有工业价值的是钙的磷本能盐类矿物，统称磷矿。主要用于制造磷肥。磷肥，是以磷灰石或磷块岩为原料，用机械方法和化学方法制成植物容易吸收的化学肥料。其品种很多，比较重要的有下列几种：磷矿粉，过磷酸钙（简称普钙）、磷酸铵（安福粉）、磷氮复合肥料、磷氮钾混全肥料以及钙镁磷肥等。部分用于提取黄磷、赤磷、磷酸及制造其客观存在磷酸盐类和磷化物。在农业、医药、火柴、染料、制糖、食品、纺织、玻璃、陶瓷、国防工业中均有重要用途。此外，磷矿石中常伴有铀、锂、铍、铈、镧、锶、镓、钒、钛、铁矿等，其中多属于发展尖端工业所急需的稀少物质，可综合回收利用。磷是人体遗传物质核酸的重要组分，也是人类能量转换的关键物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的重要成分，磷还是多种酶的组分，生物膜磷脂的组分，是构成骨骼、牙齿的重要成分，对人体生命活动有十分重要的作用。磷的测定2.1甘油磷酸磷注射液中磷的含量的测定应用范围：该方法采用分光光度法测定，适用于甘