a late miocene accipitrid (aves accipitriformes) from nebraska and its implications for the divergence of old world vultures晚中新世accipitrid(鸟类accipitriformes)从内布拉斯加州和旧世界秃鹫的散度的影响.pdfVIP

A Late Miocene Accipitrid (Aves: Accipitriformes) from Nebraska and Its Implications for the Divergence of Old World Vultures 1 2 3 Zihui Zhang , Alan Feduccia *, Helen F. James 1 College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China, 2 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America Abstract Background: Old World vultures are likely polyphyletic, representing two subfamilies, the Aegypiinae and Gypaetinae, and some genera of the latter may be of independent origin. Evidence concerning the origin, as well as the timing of the divergence of each subfamily and even genera of the Gypaetinae has been elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: Compared with the Old World, the New World has an unexpectedly diverse and rich fossil component of Old World vultures. Here we describe a new accipitriform bird, Anchigyps voorhiesi gen. et sp. nov., from the Ash Hollow Formation (Upper Clarendonian, Late Miocene) of Nebraska. It represents a form close in morphology to the Old World vultures. Characteristics of its wing bones suggest it was less specialized for soaring than modern vultures. It was likely an opportunistic predator or scavenger having a grasping foot and a mandible morphologically similar to modern carrion-feeding birds. Conclusions/Significance: The new fossil reported here is intermediate in morphology between the bulk of accipitrids and the Old World gypaetine vultures, representing a basal lineage of Accipitridae trending towards the vulturine habit, and of its Late Miocene age suggests the divergence of true gypaetine vultures, may have occurred during or slightly before