安全工程论文(大鹏湾液化天然气港口安全评价).doc

摘 要 液化天然气作为一种全世界发展最快的环保型能源，应用日益广泛。我国在海路运输液化天然气方面属于起步阶段，各方面经验缺乏，加之运输储存液化天然气风险性较高，因此开展液化天然气港口安全作业评价尤为重要。本文对中国第一个天然气港口——深圳大鹏湾液化天然气港口的安全现状进行评价研究。 大鹏湾液化天然气港口作业工艺流程包括接收、储存和输送三大类；主要操作设备有卸料臂，低压输气管道和两个16万立方米的储气罐。本文基于港口中作业过程和作业设备的分析，辨识出主要的危险、有害因素有火灾、爆炸、超低温危害、毒性危害、触电、机械伤害和噪音危害等。结合《重大危险源辨识》和《关于开展重大危险源监督管理工作的指导意见》规定，认定该港口的重大危险源为储气罐。 接着，采用安全检查表法和事故后果模拟法对港口中的危险因素分别进行定性、定量分析。安全检查表结果表明：该港口安全符合率达89.81%，在人员管理、防火防电和自然环境方面存在问题。事故后果模拟法结果表明：储罐区若发生爆炸，将造成1138.79m内人员死亡；卸料区发生爆炸，将造成12.15m内人员死亡；输气管道若发生爆炸，将造成147.33m内人员死亡。 最后，本文针对上述评价结果制定了相应的预防措施及安全管理建议，以期为企业安全管理提供切实有效的指导作用。 关键词：液化天然气港口；作业工艺流程；安全检查表法；事故后果模拟法；预防对策Abstract Liquefied natural gas is one of the fastest growing green energy in the world. China belongs to the starting stage in liquefied nature gas water transport, so all aspects are short of experience. Transporting liquefied natural gas is also high risk, so carrying liquefied natural gas harbor safety evaluation is very important. In this paper, I will study on safety evaluation for Chinas first natural gas harbor - Shenzhen Dapeng Bay liquefied natural gas harbor. Dapeng Bay liquefied natural gas harbor operations processes including receiving, storing and transporting. Main operating is arm unloading equipment, low pressure gas pipeline and two 160,000 cubic meters of gas tanks. Based on the analysis of harbor equipment working operations, I identify the major risk is fires, explosions, cryogenic hazards, toxic hazards, electric shock, mechanical damage and noise hazards. Then, using safety checklist and the consequences of accidents on the harbor in the simulation were risk for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the safety check list: The safety compliance rate is 89.81%, and there are some problems, fire prevention electricity and natural environment. Simulation results show that the consequences of the accident : if the gas tank exploded will cause death within 1138.79m ; if unloading area exploded, will cause death within 12.15m ; if the gas pipel