4原癌基因（4 proto oncogene）.docVIP

4原癌基因（4 proto oncogene） The fourth chapter is proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes The first section is an overview Viral carcinogenesis, viral oncogene Viral, oncogene, V-onc). Cell carcinoma gene (cellular oncogene c-onc) or proto oncogene (protoncogene) - a gene that is homologous to v-onc in normal cells, Tumor suppressor gene (tumor suppressor gene): a gene that inhibits cell carcinogenesis due to its presence and expression. Differences in biological properties between proto oncogene and tumor suppressor gene: 1. function: tumor suppressor genes play a negative regulatory role in cell growth, inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation, maturation and senescence, or guide redundant cells into programmed cell death (PCD), whereas the role of proto oncogene is the opposite 2., the mode of inheritance: proto oncogene is dominant, after activation is involved in promoting cell proliferation and carcinogenesis process, and tumor suppressor gene is recessive, only homozygous inactivation, then lose the function of cancer suppression 3. cell types: mutation of tumor suppressor gene mutation can occur in somatic cells, may also occur in the germ line (Germ 1ine) cells, and through the genetic mutation, and gene mutations only in somatic cells. Second segment proto oncogene Proto oncogene is the normal gene of cell, its expression product is very important to the physiological function of cell. It is only when the structure changes or over expression of proto oncogene, it can lead to canceration. First, the characteristics of proto oncogene expression: The expression level of L in normal cells, proto oncogene is generally low, but is subject to growth regulation, its expression has three main features: a differentiation stage specific; the cell type specific cell cycle specificity. 2 、 there are 2 common and prominent characteristics of oncogene expression in tumor cells: Some oncogenes are highly expressed and overexpressed The expression level and sequence o