HRT6(变模).ppt

* * 7.钻孔变形试验 7.1 钻孔岩体变形试验原理 钻孔岩体变形试验原理是：测试探头下到选定的测点后，由地面高压油泵通过井下探头的膨胀膜给孔壁岩体按一定级差逐级施加一均匀的径向压力，测取相应压力下孔壁的径向变形(或体积变形)。其实是一个弹性力学的厚壁圆筒应变问题。 1852年，lame`导出了弹性厚壁圆筒内压力与径向变形(或体积变形)的关系式： 式中：G：剪切模量 V：圆筒内体积 P：圆筒内压力 对PROBEX-1变模仪试验来说，圆筒内腔体积变量（ΔV）等于膨胀膜体积变量（ΔV），而圆筒内压力等于膨胀膜施加的压力（Pb），代入上式得： ······································································································· (1) ΔPb/Δv比值就是试验测得的压力-体积曲线弹性段斜率。所以，可由压力-体积曲线的弹性段斜率来计算剪切模量。 在岩土力学试验中，法国人Louis Menard最先提出来用膨胀膜中间体积来计算模量，即Gm，膨胀膜中间体积用Vm表示，则2式变为： ······································································································· (2) ······································································································· (3) 另外，剪切模量与变形模量的关系式为： ······································································································· (4) 式中： E0：岩体变形模量 ：岩体泊松比 联合式3、4求解得： ······································································································· (5) 由上面定义知Vm是膨胀膜初始压力体积（v0）与膨胀膜膨胀中间压力体积（vm）之和，代入上式得： ······································································································· (6) 上式也是GB50021-2001《岩土工程勘察规范》旁压试验采用的计算公式。 由于膨胀膜内在的抗力和加压系统体积损失，计算岩体变形模量时，必须对其进行校正。则式5变为： ······························································ (7) 式中：c：系统体积校正系数，用标定试验测取； Δpi为膨胀膜内在的抗力。 在岩体变模试验中，与所施加压力（Δpb）相比较，Δpi是相当的小，在计算岩体变形模量时，可忽略不计，式6简化为： ····························································· (8) 公式8是PROBEX-1变模仪在岩石围岩孔进行变形试验计算变形模量公式，而在极软岩或土中所做的变形试验应使用抱括膨胀膜内在的抗力（Δpi）的公式7计算其变形模量。上述各物理量的意义见下图。 7.2试验成果比较 传统岩体变形试验均采用刚性承压板法，其测试变形模量在工程设计上得到广泛采用。而钻孔变形试验才开展，其试验成果有必要与刚性承压板法试验成果进行比较。 某水库大坝为碾压混凝土重力坝，最大坝高为130m，坝基持力层为D25层白云岩，该层出露宽度在左右岸较为一致，厚170～180m，岩性较均一，岩石强度较高，岩体中节理、裂隙较发育。初设阶段在5个勘探平硐完成刚性承压板法变形试验19点，经计算统计得：弱风化白云岩变模为1.739~17.196GPa，平均变模为9.158GPa；微风化白云岩变模为5.546~23.272GPa，平均变模为12.355GPa。 技施阶段用PROBEX-1变模仪完成钻孔岩体变形试验35点，经计算统计：弱风化白云岩变模为1.218-1