atp hydrolyzing salivary enzymes of caterpillars suppress plant defenses毛毛虫的atp水解唾液酶抑制植物防御.pdfVIP

ATP Hydrolyzing Salivary Enzymes of Caterpillars Suppress Plant Defenses 1,3 1 2 1 Shuang Wu , Michelle Peiffer , Dawn S. Luthe , Gary W. Felton * 1 Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Department of Crop and Soil Science and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3 Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China Abstract The oral secretions of herbivores are important recognition cues that can be used by plants to mediate induced defenses. In this study, a degradation of adenosine-59-triphosphate (ATP) in tomato leaves was detected after treatment with Helicoverpa zea saliva. Correspondingly, a high level of ATPase activity in saliva was detected and three ATP hydrolyzing enzymes: apyrase, ATP synthase and ATPase 13A1 were identified in salivary glands. To determine the functions of these proteins in mediating defenses, they were cloned from H. zea and expressed in Escherichia coli. By applying the purified expressed apyrase, ATP synthase or ATPase 13A1 to wounded tomato leaves, it was determined that these ATP hydrolyzing enzymes suppressed the defensive genes regulated by the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways in tomato plant. Suppression of glandular trichome production was also observed after treatment. Blood-feeding arthropods employ 59- nucleotidase family of apyrases to circumvent host responses and the H. zea apyrase, is also a member of this family. The comparatively high degree of