crossing overmarkov meets mendel穿越overmarkov符合孟德尔.pdfVIP

Education Crossing Over…Markov Meets Mendel Saad Mneimneh* Department of Computer Science, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, New York, United States of America Abstract: Chromosomal crossover Introduction parent; and in turn will contribute, is a biological mechanism to combine Mendel and High School Biology with equal probability (1=2), only parental traits. It is perhaps the first one of these two alleles. Sexually reproducing organisms gener- mechanism ever taught in any intro- 2. Independent assortment: Alleles of ally combine heritable traits from two ductory biology class. The formulation different genes are inherited indepen- parents. The biological process that com- of crossover, and resulting recombi- bines those traits is called meiosis. While dently (later deemed not so accurate). nation, came about 100 years after Mendel’s famous experiments. To a mutations could occur during meiosis, The state of a gene, the genotype , is great extent, this formulation is con- most of the variation arises from the determined by the two alleles. The result- sistent with the basic genetic findings combinations of parental traits. How do ing trait, the phenotype , is then a function of of Mendel. More importantly, it pro-