gambling in the visual periphery a conjoint-measurement analysis of human ability to judge visual uncertainty赌博在视觉边缘相联评量分析人类视觉判断的不确定性的能力.pdfVIP
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gambling in the visual periphery a conjoint-measurement analysis of human ability to judge visual uncertainty赌博在视觉边缘相联评量分析人类视觉判断的不确定性的能力
Gambling in the Visual Periphery: A Conjoint-
Measurement Analysis of Human Ability to Judge Visual
Uncertainty
Hang Zhang1,2*, Camille Morvan1,2,3, Laurence T. Maloney1,2
1 Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America, 2 Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York,
United States of America, 3 Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
Abstract
Recent work in motor control demonstrates that humans take their own motor uncertainty into account, adjusting the timing
and goals of movement so as to maximize expected gain. Visual sensitivity varies dramatically with retinal location and target,
and models of optimal visual search typically assume that the visual system takes retinal inhomogeneity into account in
planning eye movements. Such models can then use the entire retina rather than just the fovea to speed search. Using a simple
decision task, we evaluated human ability to compensate for retinal inhomogeneity. We first measured observers’ sensitivity for
targets, varying contrast and eccentricity. Observers then repeatedly chose between targets differing in eccentricity and
contrast, selecting the one they would prefer to attempt: e.g., a low contrast target at 2u versus a high contrast target at 10u.
Observers knew they would later attempt some of their chosen targets and receive rewards for correct classifications. We
evaluated performance in three ways. Equivalence: Do observers’ judgments agree with their actual performance? Do they
correctly trade off eccentricity and contrast and select the more discriminable target in each pair? Transitivity: Are observers’
choices self-consistent? Dominance: Do observers understand that increased contrast improves performance? Decreased
eccentricity? All observers exhibited pa
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