Fluid Properties Plymouth University（流体性质普利茅斯大学）.pdfVIP

Fluid Properties A system normally contains a substance (often a gas or liquid). The state of a system is defined by the properties of the substance. A property is any characteristic of a substance which may be measured and expressed as a quantity, e.g. temperature, pressure, mass. Properties may be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic properties do not depend on the quantity of substance involved, whereas extrinsic properties increase in proportion to the mass of substance. For this reason extrinsic properties are often expressed ‘per specified quantity of substance’ - usually per unit mass (kg). The property becomes a ‘specific property’. Volume A gas expands to fill the volume available to it – but a liquid does not. The volume of a gas can therefore normally be found from the geometric dimensions of its container. L 2 V d L d 4 The volume of a liquid can be measured using burettes, pipettes, measuring flasks, calibrated containers, etc. If the Volume of mass m is V then the specific volume v is given by: V v or V mv m When a liquid is heated its volume expands – a property that can be used to measure temperature. The amount of expansion is indicated by its coefficient of volumetric expansion . 0.69 104 / K The coefficient of linear V T 1.80 104 / K expansion: V 1.53 104 / K 3 1 Density The density of a substance i