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Summary of Aerodynamics A Formulas (摘要空气动力学公式)
Summary of Aerodynamics A Formulas
1 Relations between height, pressure, density and temperature
1.1 Definitions
2 2
g = Gravitational acceleration at a certain altitude (g0 = 9.81m/s ) (m/s )
r = Earth radius (6378km) (m)
hg = Height above the ground (Geometric height) (m)
ha = Height above the center of the earth (ha = hg + r) (m)
h = Geopotential altitude (Geopotential height) (m)
2
p = Pressure (P a = N/m )
3
ρ = Air density (kg/m )
1 3
ν = = Specific volume (m /kg)
ρ
T = Temperature (K )
R = 287.05J/(kgK) = Gas constant
5 2
Ps = 1.01325 × 10 N/m = Pressure at sea level
ρs = 1.225kg/m3 = Air density at sea level
Ts = 288.15K = Temperature at sea level
a = dT = Temperature gradient (a = 0.0065K/m in the troposphere (lowest part) of the earth atmo-
dh
sphere) (K/m)
1.2 Relation between geopotential height and geometric height
Newton’s gravitational law implicates:
g = g0 r 2 = g0 r 2
ha r + hg
The hydrostatic equation is:
dp = −ρgdhg
However, g is variable here for different heights. Since a variable gravitational acceleration is difficult to
work with, the geopotential height h has been introduced such that:
dp = −ρg dh (1.2.1)
0
So this means that:
2
g r
dh = dh = dh
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