甲状腺简介（Thyroid profile）.docVIP

甲状腺简介（Thyroid profile） brief introduction The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body, located under the thyroid cartilage and attached to the front of the third, fourth cartilage ring of the trachea. It consists of both lobes and isthmus, with an average weight of about 20-25g and a slightly heavier female. There were 4 parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve after the thyroid gland. The blood supply is down about four arteries, so the thyroid glands rich blood supply from the cervical sympathetic ganglia of sympathetic and vagal control, the main function of the thyroid is the synthesis of thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, daily food is generally about 100-200 mu g inorganic iodine compounds absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract into the blood circulation. Quickly for thyroid uptake 1/5 concentration, storage of iodine is about body glands. Iodide after entering the cell after enzymes function rapidly produce active iodine combined with tyrosine based thyroglobulin molecules in the glial cavity, forming a iodotyrosine iodotyrosine (MIT) and two (DIT), the effect of iodinated tyrosine oxidase, the MIT and DIT coupling with thyroxine (T4), MID and DIT coupling with three triiodothyronine (T3), stored in the glial cavity, the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and three triiodothyronine (T3) secreted into the blood circulation, mainly combined with plasma thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), the concentration of thyroxine transport and adjusting blood benefit the. Thyroxine (T4) forms a biologically active T3 and no biologically active rT3 in peripheral tissues by de iodide. The removed iodine can be reused. Therefore, in hyperthyroidism, the blood T4, T3 and rT3 increased, while in hypothyroidism, the three were lower than the normal value. The secretion of thyroxine is regulated by pituitary cells and TSH is regulated by adenylate cyclase -cAMP system. TSH, however, is controlled by TRH secreted by the hypothalamus, forming the hypothalamus pit