The Preparation and Analysis of a Coordination （一个协调的准备和分析）.pdf

The Preparation and Analysis of a Coordination Compound of Cobalt(III) Background When the 26 year-old Swiss chemist Alfred Werner began his study of the compounds formed by cobalt(III) with aqueous ammonia and chloride ion at the end of the 19th century, very little was understood about the nature of the chemical bonds and molecular geometry of these substances. By 1913 he had been awarded a Nobel prize for his investigations and his theories became the basis for our modern understanding of coordination compounds. Simply preparing the compounds was an initial challenge. Chemists still face that challenge today whether they are preparing coordination compounds or new biochemicals for clinical trials. Although a large number of recipes have been developed for most of the classic coordination compounds, their preparation is often complicated and each step is not always easily explained. Only a few simple compounds of Co(III) exist. The hydrated cation is such a strong oxidizing agent that it reacts with water, liberating oxygen. However, if strongly binding ligands are present the +3 oxidation state is stabilized. For this reason the initial step in synthesizing these coordination compounds is to react aqueous Co(II) with concentrated aqueous ammonia. With excess ammonia it is possible to form the hexammine complex ion of cobalt(II): [Co(H O) ]2+ + (excess) NH → [Co(NH ) ]2+ + 6 H O 2 6 3 3 6 2 Hydrogen peroxide is then generally used to oxidize the Co(II) to Co(III). For reasons which we will not go into here, it is fairly easy to replace one of the ammonia ligands at this poin