冒顶及其预兆（Roof fall and its omen）.docVIP

冒顶及其预兆（Roof fall and its omen） The underground mining in the upper strata, ore natural collapse phenomenon. This is due to roof fall after mining - the original balance of mine pressure was destroyed. Coal mining is sometimes planned to place the upper coal seam, also known as roof fall Roof fall is one of the most common and easily occurring accidents in coal mines. Under normal circumstances, the roof fall accident has several warning signs in advance: (1) make a noise. The strata subsidence fracture, the roof pressure increased sharply, the wooden support will issue a splitting sound, followed by a folding beam Duanzhu phenomenon; movable column metal prop rapidly shrinks, also make a lot of noise. (2). The roof of a serious rupture, appear roof dregs, dregs of more, the greater the pressure that the roof. (3) more coal. As the pressure on the coal wall increases, it becomes softer and more coal than usual. (4) roof cracks. Roof cracks and cracks, cracks increase. (5) the abscission layer appears on the roof. Check the roof to use ask the top method, commonly known as knock to ask the top. If the sound is clear, the roof is intact, and the roof gives a hollow sound, indicating the separation between the upper and lower rock formations. (6) leakage top. Roof, broken roof or pseudo direct roof sometimes due to back lax and support unstable roof leakage phenomenon appears, the formation of backwater shed empty bracket caused by loose roof. (7) there is drenching water. There is a marked increase in the water amount of the roof. The general precautionary measures should be started from the following aspects so as to prevent roof fall effectively: (1) the support mode should be adapted to the roof lithology, and different roof supports should be adopted in different lithology. If the roof is hard by pillar and roof, soft and fragile to shed, and insert the back, on the back of the bamboo fence in the beam. (2) timely support after coal mining. The shearer cutting coal