构造地质学戴俊生含油气盆地.pptVIP

1、弧前盆地 a.海沟 绝大多数情况下仅充填薄层远洋沉积和浊流沉积，内壁为混杂堆积，热流值极低，油气远景不大。 b.弧前盆地 这里缺乏岩浆活动，构造变形弱，热流地，为形成油气的不利因素。一些规模较大的弧前盆地有可能含油。 2、弧间盆地 3、弧后盆地 岛弧－海沟系的组成单元及沉积作用 岛弧－海沟系主要由下列构造或地貌单元组成： （1）外缘隆起；（2）海沟；（3）非火山外弧；（4）弧沟间隙；（5）火山内弧；（6）弧后盆地或弧间盆地 Relationship between the descending plate and depth of earthquake foci. 弧间盆地及弧后盆地 是沿岛弧中间及岛弧后方扩张裂陷而形成的盆地，亦称边缘盆地。其基底偏于洋壳性质，热流很高。一般来说，沉积物不是很厚，石油的生储条件不甚理想，如南海中央盆地。但那些有厚沉积物的老边缘盆地，仍有可能聚集油气。 .弧后陆缘盆地 发育于岛弧陆侧的大陆型或次大陆型地壳之上，往往具有拉张性质，通常热流值较高。另有相当一部分弧后陆缘盆地类似于被动大陆边缘，在张裂和沉陷的背景上接受了巨厚的沉积物，但发育规模和持续时间都不及被动大陆边缘盆地。弧后陆缘盆地一般有良好的油气远景，如东海盆地。 4、边缘海盆地 四、与碰撞作用有关的盆地 1、残留洋盆地 2、前陆盆地 周缘前陆盆地 弧后前陆盆地 岛弧－大陆碰撞的四种方式： A.岛弧与被动大陆边缘碰撞 B.岛弧与活动大陆边缘碰撞 C.活动大陆边缘从后面追上岛弧与其碰撞 D.活动大陆边缘与不活动岛弧之间的碰撞 岛弧－大陆碰撞带的形成 岛弧与大陆碰撞，以岛弧仰冲于被动大陆边缘较为重要。碰撞发展过程分四个阶段。 弧后前陆盆地 位于安第斯型大陆边缘火山弧背后，基底属陆壳性质。通常，弧背盆地在前方褶皱带的逆冲推挤下向下挠曲，可接受三角洲、浅海相沉积，热流较高，有的盆地可产油气。 Trench basin Fore-arc basin Peripheral foreland basin Retroarc foreland basin Intermontane basin This cross-sectional view shows lithospheric plate interactions and related geologic events preceding and following the collision between India and Asia. (A) Shortly before 120 million years ago, India, southern Asia, and the intervening ocean basin must have been parts of the same lithospheric plate. (B) When India began moving northward, the plate broke and subduction began at the southern margin of Asia. By 80 million years ago ,an oceanic trench, subduction complex, and sedimentary forearc basin had formed at the subduction zone.Volcanoes and granitic plutons formed near the edge of the Asian continent in the region now called Tibet. (C) By 40 million years ago, India had collided with Tibet. The leading edge of the Indian continental crust was underthrust beneath southern Tibet along the initial thrust. (D) Later, slip on the initial thrust ceased and was replaced by movement on other faults.The initial thrust itself has been folded as India continues to underthrust Tibet today. The continental shields of the world are co