风诗还保留着群众口头创作的某些特点套语套式.DOC

應制詩之審美特徵 —以張九齡應制詩為觀察對象 吳 元 嘉 吳鳳技術學院通識教育中心助理教授應制詩之審美特徵 —以張九齡應制詩為觀察對象 吳元嘉( 摘 要 中國文學史上，從詩經雅、頌開始到漢代梁園賓客賦詠，從曹魏鄴下文士、唐初上官體、宋初西崑體，再到明初的台閣體，奉和應制之作總伴隨著昌隆國運與盛世太平而來；作為詩歌史上極為特殊的一種創作文體，應制詩自有屬於它的創作規律，呈現某種相對穩定的獨特風貌。本文由文體的角度重新審視應制詩，透過構成應制詩體之主、客觀因素加以析論，這除了對應制詩「典實富豔」的文體特徵有更深刻地理解外，希冀亦能對貴族文學的美學建構有所助益。 【關鍵詞】 應制詩、文體、審美特徵、命意、賦筆、諷語、張九齡  Characteristics of beauty appreciation for poems written at royal command — from observing Zhang Jiulings poems Yuan-Chia Wu( Abstract In the history of Chinese literature, from Elegance and Extol in Book of Songs to composing and singing poems in Han dynasty, from literati in the period of Cao and Wei, Shangguan style in the early Tang dynasty, Xikun style in the early Sung dynasty to Taige style in the early Ming dynasty, poems written at royal command always accompany times of peace and prosperity. As a particular style of literary creation in Chinese poetry history, a poem written at royal command has its owen creation regularity, presenting its individual features. This article reviews poems written at royal command in the view of literary style and comments through subjectivity and objectivity in composing poems. In addition to expound the literary characteristics of poems written at royal command in elegance, prosperity, abundance, and luxury, the article hopes to benefit readers from beauty appreciation in noble literature. 【Key word】 poems written at royal command, literary style, characteristics of beauty appreciation, concettion, declarative, sarcasm, Zhang Jiuling 一、應制詩的研究價值 應制詩乃古代臣屬奉皇帝之命而作的應酬詩，由於寫這類詩須看君王臉色、合身分、又不能離題、不可出格，實在不容易創作；而一般文學史也多以歌功頌德、附庸風雅視之，對此類文體並無太多關注。但翻閱歷來詩話、語錄，前賢評應制詩似乎並不如是簡單。宋、葛立方《韻語陽秋》開宗明義地說： 應制詩非他詩比，自是一家句法……皆典實富艷有餘。若作清癯平淡之語，終不近爾。 沈德潛《說詩晬語》則有： 唐初應制、贈送諸篇，王、楊、盧、駱、陳、杜、沈、宋、燕、許、曲江，並皆佳妙。 清、李光地《榕村語錄》亦載： 臺閣體是唐初人做得不同，如「去歲荊南梅似雪」一首，又大樣，又脫套，燕公最擅此長。陳子昂、杜審言、沈佺期、王勃之流，其詩皆有一段渾厚處，足見開國氣象。若魏鄭公一篇，氣格之高，乃所謂開太平者。 又如《石洲詩話》云： 沈宋應制諸作，精麗不待言，而尤在運以流宕之氣。 《誠齋詩話》評： 七言褒頌功德如少陵、賈至諸人唱和＜早朝大明宮＞，乃為典雅重大。 《瀛奎律髓》亦云： 四人（杜甫、王維、賈至、岑參）早朝之作，俱偉麗可喜。 清詩論家翁方綱也說： 詩人雖云『窮而益工