甘肃合水地区新世以来土壤剖面黑碳记录及其气候变化.PDFVIP

地 球 环 境 学 报 研究论文 JEE Vol.8 No.1 ǀ Feb. 2017 ARTICLE Journal of Earth Environment DOI: 10.7515/JEE201701003 甘肃合水地区全新世以来土壤剖面黑碳记录及其气 候变化 廖  冰，谭志海，孙  斌，龙艳侠，范汇晨，刘  钊 西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院，西安 710048 摘  要：针对甘肃合水马家村（MJC ）全新世黄土剖面进行野外采样，分析磁化率和黑碳（焦炭和烟炱） 等古气候指标，试图探讨黄土高原北部全新世以来生物质燃烧特征以及自然生态环境演变过程，结果表 明：末次冰期和全新世早期（11500 — 8500 a BP ）气候寒冷而干旱，区域野火事件时而发生，植被生物 量是此阶段野火发生与蔓延的限制因素；距今8000 年以来，黑碳和炭屑浓度整体呈现下降趋势。由于 季节性降水增多从而抑制大范围火灾发生几率。然而，8000 — 7000 a BP 和3500 — 2500 a BP 野火频率 明显上升，这可能与仰韶时期老官台文化和寺洼文化时期的古人类放火烧荒和开垦农田等活动有关；全 新世晚期（3100 a BP 至今）气候进一步干旱，生物质燃烧增强与人口增加和人类土地利用水平密切相关， 其中1500 — 1000 a BP 出现一次较为明显的峰值，这可能与隋唐以来该区农耕活动加强有关。可见，近 2000 年以来黄土高原北部地区生物质燃烧特征受到气候和人类活动复合驱动所控制。 关键词：野火；气候变化；全新世；黑碳；炭屑 Black carbon record of Loess-paleosol profile and climate change at Heshui site during Holocene LIAO Bing, TAN Zhihai, SNU Bin, LONG Yanxia, FAN Huichen, LIU Zhao College of Environmental Sciences and Chemistry Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China Abstract: Background, aim, and scope The study site is located in the climate-sensitive regions of the semi-arid and subhumid Asian monsoon belt, which is in the southwestern part of the ecotone between Chinese traditional dry farming and nomadic pastoral practice. The region has also experienced a long and complex regional land- use history, in which slash-and-burn cultivation by means of ignited fire and deforestation for dry farming has been traced back to at least 8000 year. Meanwhile, many of the Neolithic cultures that practiced dry farming by means of ignited fire arose on the loess plateau since the Holocene, such as the Laoguantai Culture (8000 — 7000 a BP) and the Siwa Culture (14C cal 3350 —2650 a BP). In this research, the Holocene loess-paleosol 收稿日期：2016-08-05 ；录用日期：2016-10-24 Received Date: 2016-08-05; Accepted Date: 2016-10-24 基金项目：中科院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质