园艺专业英语课文.docVIP

Lesson 1 The History and the Development of Protected Cultivation Selected and rewritten from“The History and Geography of the Greenhouse”，by H．Zvi Enoch and Yaeln Enoch，in Greenhouse Ecosystems20，echted by G．Stanhill and H．Zvi Enoch，a series book of Ecosystems ofthe World (Li Yaling，Shanxi Agricultural University) This lesson briefly describes the development of the greenhouse from antiquity to the present day．It includes a discussion of protected cropping in cold-and hot-frames，glass cloches，lean-to houses，winter gardens，orangeries，conservatories and glasshouses in their varied forms，and plastic-clad plant enclosures of all sizes ranging from low tunnels，walk-in tunnels，to large plastic houses． For the purpose of this lesson，the greenhouse is defined as a transparent enclosure designed to grow or temporarily protect plants．Thus the definition does not include enclosures for growing mushrooms or tissue cultures. In antiquity，however，there were probably no greenhouses in the sense defined here，but there were various practices adopted to provide out-of-season flowers and vegetables. The cultivation of out-of-season plants was intensely studied in ancient Athens and Rome．This Can be seen for instance in the work of Theophrastus [who lived from 372 to 287 BCE (before the common era)]．He mentioned moving plants into the peristyle (verandah in a closed courtyard of a Greek house) at night and heating soil by mixing it with decaying manure or compost. Growers in China，Mesopotamia，Egypt，Israel，Greece and Rome grew valuable plants in pots and placed them indoors at night or during cold periods to protect them．Sometimes，plants were grown on wheelbarrdws that could easily be brought into a grotto，cellar or room at night．Chinese plant culture may have included greenhouses that，according to tradition，go back to antiquity．A Chinese greenhouse(Fig．1-1 in the text book ) consisted of a brick wall oriented east-west. On its southernside, a transparent surface consistin