词汇学[ 001 ].pptxVIP

Word meaning and Componential Analysis;Word Meaning; Word Meaning;1) Reference 所指意义 ----The relationship between language and the world;所指是语言和客观外界之间的相互关系。 ----By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the world (including persons) are being talked about.通过这种相互关系，说话人指称外界的事物或人。 ----The referent (所指) a language sign refers to can be an object, a phenomenon, a person, etc. ;1) Reference 所指意义 ----Reference (所指关系) is arbitrary and conventional, yet with the help of context(语境), it can refer to something definite. 词和外界事物的这种指称关系是任意的，又是约定俗成的。 e.g. Cat can be a companion to many old peoples. Janet forgot to feed her cat. ----Not every word has reference e.g. probable, nearly, and, if, none of them refer to anything in the world. ;2) Concept 概念意义 It is the general idea or meaning which is associate with a word or symbol in a person’s mind. 指词或符号在人脑中的大致印象或意义。 ;What ‘s the relationship between meaning and concept?;3) Sense 语义 ----denoting the relationship inside the language ----“The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language”.词语的意义是它在语义关系系统中同其它词语相对的位置。 ----Every word that has meaning has sense.;What’s the difference between reference and sense?; Motivation 理据;Phonetic forms suggest their meanings as the words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. eg: Cocks crow. Ducks quack. Flies buzz. Frogs croak. Goats bleat. Snakes hiss. Bears growl. Bulls bellow. Cats mew ( purr). Eagles scream. ;Words which were formed by means of morphological structure belong to the category of motivation by morphology. Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many of them are the sum total of the morphemes combined. e.g. good-looking, headache, daydream readable, unwise, dislike However, not all compounds are motivated. e.g. bigwig (very important person, wig假发), egghead (a learned pe