金属x射线学10110920.ppt

现代材料分析技术 Modern materials analysis techniques ;1.The main content : Metal X-Ray Analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Metal Electron Microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) The Nondestructive Test. ;引 言Introduction;4. The aim of the course: The principles of XRD, TEM, SEM and other analysis techniques. How to use the above instruments to detect, calculate, and analysis the structures, morphology and composition for materials. Introduce the principles, assemblies, and application of the nondestructive test.;第一篇 金属 X 射线学 目录Metal X-Ray Analysis Outline ;第一篇 金属 X 射线学 Metal X-Ray Analysis;第一篇 金属 X 射线学 Metal X-Ray Analysis;Outline目录;Chapter 1.The Basic principle of X-Ray第一章 X射线的物理基础;1-2 X-ray spectrum 1.Continuous X-ray spectrum Mechanics to produce X-ray: Toughness radiation The shape of spectrum likes small hill Limit of short wave λo=K/U ，λo only related with the accelerate voltage of the vacuum tube. Intensity I =αi Z U2 Efficiency η=αZ U ;2. Special Spectrum of X-ray 1)The mechanics is electrons’ transition radiation un-excited : Wavelength is related to the inner electron energy levels. hνn2-n1 =εn2-εn1 h C/ λn2-n1 = εn2-εn1 λn2-n1 = h C/(εn2-εn1 ) 2)The shape of spectrum is straight line. 3)There are different line systems:K,L, M. We often use Kα.;3. Mosaley Law: 莫塞莱定律：现代X射线光谱学的理论基础 ;4. The fine construction of spectrum of X-ray： For LⅠLⅡLⅢ： λ=1/3（2λLⅠ+λLⅡ ） 4. X射线谱的精细结构 5.Intensity ;1-3. X射线与物质的相互作用： The interaction between X-ray and materials, and the protection for X-ray. 1.Coherent scattering；Incoherent scattering 2.Absorb of X-ray, Optic-electric effect, fluorescent radiation, Auger radiation;3 The attenuation of X-ray Rule: I=Io e –μl /ρ Line absorb coefficient μl I=Io exp(-μl /ρ) ρt Mass absorb coefficient: Relationship between μl /ρand μm ： μm=μl /ρ Mass absorb coefficient for multiple materials：