植物育种学-1课件.pptVIP

Chapter 1  Plant Breeding Historical Perspective  第一章 植物育种学发展史 Contents 主要内容 1. Importance of studying history 研究历史的重要性 2. The earliest steps in plant breeding早期的植物育种 3. Plant breeding following hybridization 杂交后的植物育种 4. Plant breeding until 1900 二十世纪前的植物育种 5. The work of Mendel 孟德尔的工作 6. Overview of plant breeding developments before 1900 二十世纪前的植物育种进展回顾 7. Plant breeding about 1900 1900年左右的植物育种 1. Importance of studying history研究历史的重要性 Historical development is an integral part of understanding modern plant breeding 发展历史是理解现代植物育种的重要组成部分 To ignore the past likes to move blindly into the future忽视过去意味着摸黑前进 History can provide vision, and “Where there is no vision, the people perish” 历史能为我们提供愿景，“没有愿景的民族是没有希望的” History can enrich the imagination of the plant breeder历史能丰富植物育种学家的想象力 2. The earliest steps in plant breeding  早期的植物育种 Characters 特点 Unconscious: seeds shatter, dormancy无意识：种子散落、休眠 An art other than a science是艺术而不是科学 Southeast Asia 东南亚 A. 13,000 B.C., domesticated plants occurred 公元前13,000年，驯养植物出现 B. 10,000 B.C., advanced knowledge accumulated公元前10,000年，有关先进知识积累。东南亚人已掌握水稻、豌豆、蚕豆、大豆的驯化栽培。 ③ Europe 欧洲 9000 ～ 7000 B.C., wheat, barley, oat and millet were planted 公元前9000-7000年，小麦、大麦、燕麦和粟米被种植 ④ South central Mexico中南墨西哥 6700 ～ 5000 B.C., squash, avocados and maize were domesticated. 公元前6700-5000年，南瓜、鳄梨和玉米被驯化。 ⑤ China 中国 1115 ～ 1077 B.C., seed selection was recorded in the book in China. ⑥ Domestication and Cultivation 驯化与栽培 Domestication: genetic changes to suit human needs and environment 驯化：遗传组成发生变化，更适合人类的需要和栽培环境 Cultivation: human efforts to care for plants 栽培：是指人类照顾植物的各项措施 Wild plants may be cultivated without being domesticated野生植物不经驯化也可以被栽培 3. Plant breeding following hybridization 杂交出现后的植物育种 A. Pollination was practiced but as an empirical [empirik?l] process已经开始了作物的杂交，但只是靠经验进行。 Artificial Pollination of palm was performed by Arabia