PIC单片机步进电机控制器设计.docVIP

基于PIC单片机的步进电机控制器设计 摘要 步进电动机突出的优点是它可以在宽广的频率范围内通过改变脉冲频率来实现调速，快速起停、正反转控制等，并且由其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，且非常可靠，因此在众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。 步进电动机必须和驱动控制器配合使用，而不能直接接到交直流电源上工作。当要求步进电动机有更小的步距角，更高的分辨率(即脉冲当量)，或者为减小步进电机本身所固有的低频振动、噪声等问题时，细分是唯一的解决途径。 本文先介绍了三相步进电机的结构和工作原理，然后在对步进电机细分驱动技术和单片机研究的基础上，分析了细分驱动对于改善步进电机运行性能的作用，该方案中电流细分技术基本上克服了传统步进电机低速振动大和噪音大的缺点，减小发生共振的几率。该方案能避免其它相绕组的感应电压和绕组电流的漂移带来的误差，提高了细分精度。本文采用控制电路主要由PIC单片机、晶振电路、地址锁存器、译码器、EPROM存储器及可编程键盘/显示控制器Intel-8279等组成，单片机是控制系统的核心。采用IR2130功率驱动芯片作为步进电机的功率驱动器件。文中对整个系统的架构及硬件电路和驱动软件的实现都做了详细的介绍。 关键词步进电动机；细分控制；PIC单片机；驱动电路 Design of Stepper Motor Subdivision Controller Based on Microcontroller of PIC Abstract The advantages of stepping motor are regulating-rate, quickly rise-stop, positive-reverse controlling and brake etc by changing the frequency of pulse. The stepping motor opening-ring system is simple, cheap, stable and reliable; therefore its application is very extensive in many realms. Only when it is connected to special equipment—stepping motor driver, stepping motors can work properly. Micro step have to be considered when smaller step angle, better resolving ability is needed or to solve the problem of vibrancy, noise and so on. Micro step technique can make the step-angle smaller, improve the resolving ability and solve the problem of vibrancy, noise. As a result,it makes stepping motor more suitable to be used in advanced control system. In this paper，the working principle and configuration of three-phase Stepper are introduced，then based on technologies such as stepper motor controller and microcontroller .we analysis the using of micro-stepping driving technology to improve operational performance . Current subdividing technology not only overcomes the disadvantages of motor’s vibration and noise at low speeds but also reduces probability of resonance. It prevents the reactive voltage errors brought by other windings and the drift errors brought by current. It improves the precision of subdivision. In the thesis，we develop a single chip comput