LTC最小单位成本法LeastunitcostLUCLotSizinginMRP.PPTVIP

Chapter 15 物料需求管理 第七組組員: M934012035-曾子鴻 M944012018-李正文 M934012037-劉建昌 M944012035-王貞懿 M934012040-柯國華 Material Requirements PlanningDefined 物料需求規劃 (MRP) 是用來規劃生產一產品所需的零件、元件、物料數量的方法 MRP 提供時間表明定每個物料零件何時下訂單或何時製造 生產依存度高的製造流程需要MRP 適用於批量生產特定數種產品的生產模式，尤其裝配作業效益最大 MRP 是一種資訊系統 物料需求規劃--製造資源規劃(Manufacturing resources planning, MRP II) MRP 的邏輯與產品結構樹 Master Production Schedule (MPS)主生產排程 產品線的生產排程，並進一步規劃產品的大小、數量與型號 時間牆 凍結期 完全無法改變或只能做微小的調整 中度凍結期 只要零件許可以充分的供應可允許特定產品群內的產品變更 彈性期 只要整體產能許可允許做大幅度的修改 Example of Time Fences 物料需求規劃系統 依據主生產排程(MPS): 建立時間表確定生產產品所需的零件與物料 決定所需數量的精確數字 根據前置時間表決定物料訂單的時間 材料單檔 (Bill Of Material)A Complete Product Description Materials Parts Components 生產程序 模組BOM Subassemblies:獨立製造與儲存的重要品項 超BOM Fractional options 庫存紀錄檔 Each inventory item carried as a separate file Status according to “time buckets” Pegging(回溯) Identify each parent item that created demand Primary MRP Reports 計畫下單Planned orders to be released at a future time 訂單釋出通知Order release notices to execute the planned orders 交貨日變更Changes in due dates of open orders due to rescheduling 取消或擱置Cancellations or suspensions of open orders due to cancellation or suspension of orders on the master production schedule 存貨狀況數據Inventory status data Secondary MRP Reports 計畫報告Planning reports, for example, forecasting inventory requirements over a period of time 績效報告Performance reports used to determine agreement between actual and programmed usage and costs 例外報告Exception reports used to point out serious discrepancies, such as late or overdue orders MRP Example Closed Loop MRP Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) Goal: Plan and monitor all resources of a manufacturing firm (closed loop): manufacturing marketing finance engineering Simulate the manufacturing system 流線製造:將JIT嵌入MRP MRP與JIT各有優點,因此MRP與JIT組合形成另一種混合式的生產系統,例如流線製造(FLOW MANUUFACTURING) Lot Sizing in MRP Programs 批對批訂購法Lot-for-lot (L4L) 經濟訂訂購量法Economic order quantity (EOQ) 最小總成本法Least total cost (LTC) 最小單位成本法Least unit cost (LUC) Lot Sizing