萤石小知识（Little knowledge of fluorspar）.doc

萤石小知识（Little knowledge of fluorspar） First, the basic nature of fluorite (1) mineral name; Fluorite (Fluorite). (two) chemical composition CaF2, containing more impurities, Ca is often replaced by Y and Ce and other rare earth elements, in addition, contains a small amount of Fe2O3, SiO2 and trace amounts of Cl, O3, He and so on. (three) crystal system and crystallization habit Fluorite is an equiaxed crystal system. Single crystal is mainly cubic, and a few are rhombic, twelve - body, eight - body. The mesh of the cubic crystal surface often appears parallel to the edge, and the aggregates are granular, clustered, banded, blocky and so on. (four) optical properties 1. colors Pure fluorite is colorless, but contains more Y, Ce, Ca and other elements, resulting in fluorite structure vacancy, irradiation and color, common colors are light green to dark green, blue, green, yellow, purple, violet, yellow wine, gray, brown, red, red etc.. 2. gloss and transparency Vitreous luster; transparent to translucent. 3. light Homogeneous body. 4. refractive index 1.438 (+ 0.01) 5. multicolor No multi-color. 6. luminescence Under the irradiation of ultraviolet light can be purple or purple fluorite red fluorescence, cathode rays can be purple or purple fluorite fluorite there are some light; thermoluminescence, heating the alcohol lamp, or sun exposure can be phosphoresce. In addition, purple fluorite has the characteristics of friction and luminescence. 7. spectral absorption The visible absorption spectrum of fluorite is very different and varies greatly. Once absorbed, the absorption lines behave very clearly. (five) mechanical properties 1. cleavage Fluorite {111} four complete cleavage. 2. hardness Hm = 4. 3. density 3.18 (0.07, 0.18) g / cm3. Two fluorite varieties The jewelry industry usually divides the varieties of fluorite according to the process, the use and the color characteristics of fluorite; 1, according to the process of division According to the process, fluorit