在多向应力作用下从混凝土的特性看受弯钢筋混凝土梁变化的一个基本试验-毕业设计外文翻译.docxVIP

外文原文I：A fundamental explanation of the behaviour ofreinforced concrete beams in flexure basedon the properties of concrete under multiaxial stressM. D. KotsovosDepartment of Civil Engineering Imperial College of Science and TechnologyLondon (U. K.)　　The paper questions the validity of the generally accepted view that for a reinforced concretestructure to exhibit ductile behaviour under increasing load it is necessary for the stressstrain relationships of concrete to have a gradually descending post-ultimate branch.Experimental data are presented for reinforced concrete beams in bending which indicate the presence of longitudinal compressive strains on the compressive face in excess of 0.0035. It is shown that these strainswhich are essential for ductile behaviourare caused by acomplexmultiaxial compressive state of stress below ultimate strength rather than postultimate material characteristics. The presence of a complex stress system provides a fundamental explanation for beam behaviour which does not affect existing design procedures.1. INTRODUCTION　　The plane sections theory notonly is generally considered to describe realistically the deformation response of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams under flexure and axial loadbut is also formulated so that it provides a design tool noted for both its effectiveness and simplicity [1]. The theory describes analytically the relationship between load-carrying capacity and geometric characteristics of a beam by considering the equilibrium conditions at critical cross-sections. Compatibility of deformation is satisfied by the plane cross-sections remain plane assumption and the longitudinal concrete and steel stresses are evaluated by the material stress-strain characteristics. Transverse stresses and strains are ignored for the purposes of simplicity. 　　The stress-strain characteristics of concrete in compression are considered to be adequately described by the deformational response of concrete specimens such as pr