世界近代史（Modern history of the world）.doc

世界近代史（Modern history of the world） The tenth lesson: the dawn of capitalist era 1, the Renaissance: around fourteenth Century, first started in Italy; (1) guiding ideology: humanism, the core of which is to affirm people, pay attention to human nature and value people; (2) Nature: not the revival of classical culture, but the rise of bourgeois culture. It was an ideological liberation movement of the bourgeoisie; Figure (3): Italy -- poet Dantes Divine Comedy; Da Vinci Monalisa, the last supper; the British - Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet, Hamlett etc. (4) influence: the Renaissance promoted the prosperity of European cultural and ideological fields, and laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalism. 2, the opening of the new route: (1): the development of commodity trade and capitalism emerged, European gold rush, Marco Polo Commission rendering. (2) objective conditions: astronomy, geography, knowledge progress, shipbuilding, navigation, technological progress, etc.. (3): 1. After 1487 the Portuguese Dias entered India ocean, found in Cape of Good Hope; in 1492 the Italian Columbo in the Spanish royal family supported by America to arrive today in Cuba, Haiti and other places; the 1497-1498 Portuguese Da Gama bypassed Cape of Good Hope, arrived in India; the 1519-1522 in Portuguese Magellan king of Spains life completed the first circumnavigation of the globe. (4): after the opening of the new sea route, from Europe to Asia, the Americas and Africa and other traffic exchanges, the world began as a whole; Europe along the coast of the Atlantic industrial and commercial economic prosperity, and promote the emergence and development of capitalism. The eleventh lesson is the bourgeois revolution in England 1, the success of the British bourgeois revolution is a major victory for the feudal system in the history of mankind. 2 reasons, the outbreak of the Revolution: the beginning of the seventeenth Century, British capitalism has