计算机的发展历史（The history of computer development）.docVIP

计算机的发展历史（The history of computer development） Chapter 1 basic knowledge of computer Section 1 computer overview I. the development of computers Since the first electronic computer was invented in 1946, the development of computer has been divided into 4 generations according to the difference of logic components of computer information. In February 1946, the worlds first computer was born at Penn State University. It was called the electronic digital integrator computer, or ENIAC. This machine uses nearly 18000 electronic tubes, 10000 capacitors and 7000 resistors, the total weight is 30 tons, the power is 150 kilowatts, and covers an area of 170 square meters. It is a huge project which has been completed for nearly 3 years. It was originally designed to calculate ballistic characteristics for the US Army ballistic laboratory. Although the speed reached only 5000 times per second, addition and subtraction, but it is the calculated trajectory of a time from the desktop calculator required 7 to 10 hours shortened to 30 seconds, the nearly 200 engineers from the laboratory to get rid of the ballistic calculation of heavy labor. Although ENIAC only used more than nine years to stop using, and in our opinion it has many unsatisfactory aspects, but it came out, that the electronic computer era, it has epoch-making significance. (1) first generation computers (1946~1956 years) Its main features are as follows: The use of electronic tubes as a logic switch components, large volume, power consumption, high cost, computing speed per second is only a few thousand times. Program design using machine language or assembly language, there is no operating system. The storage capacity is small, the initial mercury delay line or static memory capacity, only a few thousand bytes (KB), the drum and core capacity is greatly improved. The first generation computers were bulky, expensive, and limited to military and scientific research. (two) second generation computers (1955~1964 years)