发酵果树枝碎屑对苹果幼树根系特征及叶片光合蒸腾的影响-园艺学报.PDF

园艺学报，2016 ，43 (10) ：1989 –1994. Acta Horticulturae Sinica doi ：10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0273；http ：//www. ahs. ac. cn 1989 发酵果树枝碎屑对苹果幼树根系特征及叶片光 合蒸腾的影响 * 宁留芳，杨洪强 ，曹 辉，周春然，张玮玮，孟凡尧 （山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 ） 摘 要：以2 年生盆栽红富士苹果[Malus × domestica Borkh. ‘Red Fuji ’/Malus hupehensis Rehd.]幼 树为试材，将苹果枝干碎屑发酵后施入盆土，定期调查苹果叶片光合与蒸腾速率、干周生长量、根系活 力以及根系构型等指标。结果表明，向土壤施入质量比为 2%和 4% 的发酵果树枝碎屑可以提高苹果幼树 叶片净光合速率和根系活力，增加干周增长量，对叶片蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的影响不明显；2% 的处 理还能够增加新根数量，提高新根表面积和体积，促进新根加粗和加长生长，增大根系分形维数，促使 根系结构复杂化，而施入 4% 的发酵果树枝碎屑则降低新根数量、体积和长度。综合分析表明，施用 2% 的发酵果树枝碎屑促进幼树根系和树干生长的整体效果好于4% 的处理。 关键词：苹果；幼树；发酵果树枝碎屑；光合性能；根系构型 中图分类号：S 661.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2016 ）10-1989-06 Effects of Fermented Crumbs of Branches on the Root Characteristic and Leaf Photosynthesis and Transportation of Young Apple Trees * NING Liu-fang ，YANG Hong-qiang ，CAO Hui，ZHOU Chun-ran ，ZHANG Wei-wei ，and MENG Fan-yao （State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology ，College of Horticulture Science and Engineering，Shangdong Agricultural University，Tai’an，Shandong 271018 ，China ） Abstract ：The experiment was carried on using 2-year-old potted apple trees [Malus × domestica Borkh. ‘Red Fuji ’/Malus hupehensis Rehd.] with the fermented crumbs of apple branches which were applied to the pots with the mass ratio of 2% and 4%. The rates of photosynthesis and transportation ， increment of trunk girth ，root activity and root architecture parameters from each treatment were investigated periodically. The results showed that the leaf net photosynthetic rate，root activity and increment of trunk girth increased after the fermented crumbs of apple branches were applied to the soil and no significant effects were found on the leaf transporta