民用散煤燃烧排放颗粒物微观特征-环境工程学报.PDF

第 11卷　 第7 期 环 境 工 程 学 报 Vol. 11,No.7 2 0 1 7 年 7 月 Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering July 2 0 1 7 民用散煤燃烧排放颗粒物微观特征 戚涛 ,高健 ,李静 ,徐仲均1 2 1 1,∗ 1.北京化工大学环境科学与工程系,北京 100029 2. 中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012 摘　 要　 为深入了解民用散煤燃烧排放颗粒物对大气环境的影响,利用自行设计的采样装置采集民用散煤燃烧颗粒物并 采用扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDX)分析颗粒物的形貌和元素组成。 结果表明,民用散煤燃烧排放的颗粒物主要有焦油球,飞 灰,片状或块状碳质颗粒,矿质颗粒,烟尘集合体,其他颗粒。 从形貌上看,民用散煤燃烧排放颗粒物以球形和类球形颗粒 为主,占颗粒总数的49.2% ,烟尘集合体很少,占颗粒总数的3.6%。 从元素组成来看,民用散煤燃烧排放颗粒物主要是炭 质颗粒,占排放颗粒总数的77.2% ,S元素在颗粒中较为常见,但大多数含量较低。 从粒径分布来看,民用散煤燃烧排放颗 粒物主要是微小颗粒物,绝大多数(81.0% )颗粒分布在 1 μm 粒径范围内。 民用散煤燃烧是大气污染物的重要来源之 一,应制定相应的管控措施。 关键词　 民用散煤;SEM-EDX;颗粒物;微观形貌;粒径分布 中图分类号　 X513　　 文献标识码　 A　　 文章编号　 1673-9108(2017)07-4133-07　　 DOI:10.12030/ j.cjee.201605169 Microscopic characteristics of individual particles from residential raw coal combustion 1 2 1 1,∗ QI Tao ,GAO Jian ,LI Jing ,XU Zhongjun 1.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China 2.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China Abstract　 In order to better understand the effect of particulate matter from residential combustion of raw coal, particulate samples were collected using a self-designed sampling collection system. The morphology and compo- sition of individual particles were examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped for energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The results showed a variety of particles from the residential combustion of raw coal,including tar balls,fly ash,platy or blocky shaped carbonaceous particles,mineral particles,soot aggregates, and other particles. Spherical,or nearly spherical,particles were the predominant morphology,accounting for 49.2%. The amount of soot aggregates was low and only accounted for 3.6%. In their elementary composition, the particles were mainly carbo