上海市中考英语词汇解析汇总.docxVIP

词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（1）1.?????? able (adj.) 能…词组：be able to do sth. 有能力做某事词性转化：ability (n.) 能力????????? one’s ability to do sth.某人做…的能力句型转换考点：(1) be able to do 转化为manage to do, 解释为“成功做成某事”。????????????? (2) be unable to do相当于fail to do sth./fail in sth.He never studies hard, so he wasn’t able to pass the exam.（改为同义句）→He never studies hard, so he failed to pass the exam.→He never studies hard, so he failed in the exam.2.?????? about (prep.) 大约(=more or less than)，左右, 周围例：He is about thirty years old.（他大约三十岁了。）词组：walk about 四处走来走去? ask about 询问3.?????? above (adj.)上面的, 上述的 (adv.) 在…上面 (prep.) 在…上方above on辨析：前者是垂直高度的比较，后者要触及物体。under和below的区别和上述相同。4.?????? abroad (adv.) 往国外区别：foreign (adj.) 外国的? a foreign language 一门外语*be动词后方副词的几个结构：here/there.I’m? upstairs/downstairs.???? abroad/over.5.?????? aboard(adv) 在船上, 在飞机上6.?????? accept (vt.) 接受,认可区别：receive (vt.) （某人）收到（某物）例句：The young girl received the invitation, but she didn’t accept it.（这个年轻的女孩收了邀请卡，但是她没有同意赴约。）7.?????? accident (n.) 事故, 意外事件traffic accident 交通事故区别：incident (n.)事件, 事变unexpected, political incident 不可预料的/政治的事件8.?????? accurate (adj.) 准确的词性转换：accurately (adv.) 准确地?????? accuracy (n.) 精确性, 准确度9.?????? achieve (v.) （胜利）完成, 达到词性转换：achievement (n.) 成就He has achieved a lot in physics. (他在物理方面有许多成就。)10.?? across (prep.) 在…的对面? (adv.) 横过walk across the street 横穿马路????? sail across the ocean 横跨大洋区别：cross (v.) 穿过?? cross the street 穿马路across through ：前者是平面穿过，后者是立体空间内的穿过。11.?? act (v.) 表演 (n.) 演技action (n.) 措施, 举措take immediate action to do sth. 对…立刻采取措施actor, actress (n.) 男演员, 女演员active (adj.) 积极的take an active part in 积极参与actively (adv.) 积极地activity (n.) 活动take part in activities in or after class 课内和课后积极参加活动12.?? add (v.) 增加add to 增加了例①? ：The unexpected storm added to the difficulties in Shanghai.(这个突如其来的暴风雪给上海雪上加霜。)例②? ：This stamp has added to the album.(这张邮票给邮册增色不少。)add sth. to 给…加上…add a brick to the wall 给墙加上一块砖add up to 数量总计为…例句：The number of the students here adds up to sixty.(这里所有的学生加起来有60人。)addition (n.) 增加