给水工程英语翻译.docVIP

Water Supply（给水工程）A supply of water is critical to the survival of life, as we know it.（众所周知，水对生命的生存至关重要。） People need water to drink, animals need water to drink, and plants need water to drink. （人需要水，动物需要水，植物需要水）The basic functions of society require water:（社会的基本功能需要水：）cleaning for public health（公共卫生设施的冲洗）, consumption for industrial processes（工业生产过程耗水）, and cooling for electrical generation（电能生产过程的冷却）. In this lesson, we discuss water supply in terms of:（在这里，我们从两方面讨论水的供给：）1. Groundwater supplies（地下水供给）2. Surface water supplies（地表水供给）Groundwater is an important direct source of supply that is tapped by wells （地下水是通过打井而得到的重要直接供水水源）,as well as a significant indirect source since surface streams are often supplied by subterranean water.（也是有意义的间接供水水源，因为地表水会经常得到地下水的补给） Near the surface of the earth（靠近地表）, in the zone of aeration（在通气层内）, soil pore spaces contain both air and water（土壤颗粒间隙同时包含空气和水）. This zone, which may have zero thickness in swamplands and be several hundred feet thick in mountainous regions, contains three types of moisture（这一地层，其厚度在沼泽地可能为零，在山区则可能厚达数百英尺，蕴涵三种类型的湿气）. After a storm, gravity water is in transit through the larger soil pore spaces（暴雨之后，水在重力的作用下透过土壤中较大的颗粒间隙）. Capillary water is drawn through small pore spaces by capillary action and is available for plant uptake（在较小土壤颗粒缝隙中的水则由于毛细管作用上升而被植物吸收）. Hygroscopic moisture is held in place by molecular forces during all except the driest climatic conditions（在不是最干燥的气候条件下，土壤湿气中的水蒸汽分子会因为分子间引力—范氏力而被土壤稳定下来）. Moisture, from the zone of aeration cannot be tapped as a water supply source（地表通气层的湿气不能通过凿井方式作为供水水源）.  In the zone of saturation, located below the zone of aeration（位于通气层以下的饱和层）, the soil pores are filled with water（土壤间隙中充满着水）, and this is what we call groundwater（这些水就是通常所称的地下水）. A stratum that contains a substantial（充实的） amount of groundwater is called an aquifer（包含大量地下水的地层称为含水层）. At the surface between the two zones（通气层和含水层相邻的边界）, called the water table or phreatic surface（称为水位线或浅层地下水面）, the hyd