2017年中考英语(广东专版)语法课件-第十章语法非谓语动词.pptx

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制。非谓语动词分为三种形式：动词不定式、动名词 (动词-ing形式) 和分词 (现在分词和过去分词)。;动词不定式肯定形式是 “to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，否定形式是 “not (to) do”。动词不定式虽在句子中不能作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成的短语，叫做不定式短语。;① 作主语，放句首，句子的谓语动词常用单数，且常用it作形式主语，不定式后置，如： To swim in a river is very dangerous. =It is very dangerous to swim in a river. ;⑤ 作定语，不定式作定语时常后置，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词有 “动宾关系”，若不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则要补上适当的介词，如： I’m thirsty. I’d like something to drink. I have a lot of homework to do. She came late. So she didn’t have a chair to sit in. ;afford to do 负担得起做 need to do 需要去做 agree to do 同意去做 refuse to do 拒绝去做 ask to do 要求去做 want to do 想要去做 decide to do 决定去做 wish to do 希望去做 expect to do 期望去做 choose to do 选择去做 fail to do 未做成 manage to do 设法去做 hope to do 希望去做 pretend to do 假装去做 plan to do 计划去做 would like to do 想要去做 promise to do 承诺去做;ask sb. to do 让某人去做 want sb. to do 想某人去做 allow sb. to do 允许某人去做 invite sb. to do 邀请某人去做 advise sb. to do 建议某人去做 promise sb. to do 承诺某人去做 encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人去做 help sb. do 帮助某人 expect sb. to do 期待某人去做 warn sb. to do 警告某人去做 order sb. to do 命令某人去做 wish sb. to do 希望某人去做 teach sb. to do 教某人去做 would like sb. to do 想要某人去做 tell sb. to do 告诉某人去做;不定式可与who，which，what，when，where，how，whether等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等。如： I really don’t know what to do. (作宾语) When to finish the task is a question. (作主语) He taught us how to make model plane. (作宾语补足语) The main problem is whether to accept the present. (作表语);5. 常见的后面接不带to的动词不定式的词;① 作目的状语置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调，常见的有to do/in order to do/so as to do，如： To catch the bus，she ran as fast as she could. She ran as fast as she could in order to/so as to catch the bus. (so as to do一般不置于句首) ;注意：以下词组中的to是介词，不是不定式，故后面接动名词、名词或代词： pay attention to doing/sth. 注意 look forwa