供给需求基本要素.pptVIP

To analyze how any event influences a market, we use the supply-and-demand diagram to examine how the even affects the equilibrium price and quantity. In market economies, prices are the signals that guide economic decisions and thereby allocate resources. Summary Ch4. Question and Answer Variables That Influence Buyers？ Compare change in quantity demanded to change in demand? Variables That Influence sellers？ Compare change in quantity supplied to change in supply? (1)什么是需求曲线？(2)为什么我们看到的需求曲线大多数是向下倾斜的? (3)是否存在一条由左下方向右上方倾斜的需求曲线,为什么？ Answer:　的确存在着由左下方向右上方倾斜的需求曲线。对于大多数正常品的需求曲线是一条向右下倾斜的需求曲线，这意味着随着商品价格的下降消费者对该商品的需求量将增加。而对于收入劣等品而言，面临的就是一条向右上方倾斜的需求曲线。这意味着随着商品价格的下降消费者对该商品的需求量将减少。 是否存在一条由左上方向右下方倾斜的供给曲线？为什么（要说明其经济学含义） ？ Ch4. Question and Answer 3.《纽约时报》上的一篇文章描述了法国香槟酒行业一次成功的推销活动。这篇文章还提到,“许多企业管理者为香槟酒价格狂涨而兴奋。但他们也担心这种价格急剧上升会引起需求减少,需求减少又使价格下跌。” 这些管理者在分析形势时犯了什么错误?用图形说明你的答案。 答:管理者在分析形势时错误地分析了香槟酒供求变化的原因,香槟酒的需求量增大不是价格变化的结果, 而是成功的商业推销改变了人们的嗜好使香槟酒的需求曲线向右上方移动而不是沿着需求曲线变动。移动的需求曲线使整个香槟酒市场的均衡价格上升,同时市场的均衡数量也上升,人们对香槟酒的有效需求扩大了。这种价格的上涨不会导致需求的减少。 Mankiw.Ch4-question12. Impact of successful Marketing campaign on champagne price and quantity demanded. D E E D S 0 Price Quantity of champagne q1 q2 p1 p2 Chapter3-question 4. Explain why each of the following is false (Samuelson, Economics, 17th edition, p62.) A freeze in Brazil’s coffee-growing region will lower (increase) the price of coffee. ?“Protecting ”American textile manufacturers from Chinese clothing imports will lower (increase) clothing price in the United States. The rapid increase in college tuitions will lower the demand for college.(The demand for college will raise the rapid increase in college tuitions) The war against drugs, with increased interdiction of imported cocaine, will lower (increase) the price of domestically produced marijuana. Chapter3-question 6. For each of the following, explain whether quantity demanded changes because of a demand shift or a price change, and draw a diagram to illustrate your answer. (Samuel