物理化学界与面现象.ppt

* 从吸附热衡量催化剂的优劣 如图所示，横坐标是各族元素，左边坐标表示对氮的起始化学吸附热，右边坐标表示氨的合成速率。 吸附热沿DE线上升，合成速率沿AB上升。 速率达到最高点B后，吸附热继续上升，由于吸附太强，合成速率反而下降。 对应B点的是第八族第一列铁系元素。 * 从吸附热衡量催化剂的优劣 * WILLIAM THOMSON,Lord Kelvin WILLIAM THOMSON,Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) Irish-born British physicist,proposed his absolute scale of temperature,which is independent of the thermometric substance in 1848.In one of his earliest papers dealing with heat conduction of the earth,Thomson showed that about 100 million years ago, the physical condition of the earth must have been quite different from that of today. * WILLIAM THOMSON,Lord Kelvin He did fundamental work in telegraphy , and navigation.For his services in trans-Atlantic telegraphy,Thomson was raised to the peerage,with the title Baron Kelvin of Larg.There was no heir to the title,and it is now extinct. * JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS (1839-1903), American scientist, was professor of mathematical physics at Yale University from 1871 until his death. His series of papers “On the Equilibrium of Heterogenous Substances,” published in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences (1876-1878) was one of the most important series of statistical mechanics. * JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS The Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London was presented to him as “the first to apply the second law of thermodynamics to the exhaustive discussion of the relation between chemical, electrical, and thermal energy and capacity for external work.” * IRVING LANGMUIR IRVING LANGMUIR (1881-1957) Brooklyn-born American scientist, received his Ph.D. in German under Nernst and returned to the United States in 1906 to teach at Stevens Institute in Hoboken, New Jersey. After three years, he went to the new General Electric Research Laboratories in Schenectady New York, where he eventually became a vice president and director of research. * IRVING LANGMUIR In 1912 he invented the argon-filled incandescent lamp, and invention that decreased the cost of lighting