BGP配置拥碾排错.ppt

策略控制 控制数据包的出口路径（在inbound方向的路由上设置） Weight Local-Preference 控制数据包的入口路经（在outbound方向的路由上设置） As-Path prepend Med Community 汇总 Network x.x.x.x x.x.x.x （对IGP路由进行汇总宣告此路由必须在路由表中有一个精确匹配的路由） 属于虚假汇总，需要创建指向null 0的静态路由 Aggregate x.x.x.x x.x.x.x (summary-only) (as-set) 真正的汇总，汇总BGP表中的路由，具体路由可以通过summary-only抑制 as-set可以设置被汇总具体路由的AS编号 常见故障汇总 邻居不能建立（AS号码错误，地址不匹配，路由不可达，TTL问） Bgp log-neighbor-change Show ip bgp neighbor x.x.x.x Show ip bgp summary 路由丢失 (next-hop无效，路由未同步，宣告的网络没有与之匹配的IGP路由，汇总时被抑制，做了错误的过滤) Show ip bgp (x.x.x.x) (longer) Show ip route (x.x.x.x)(longer) SHOW IP BGP NEIGHBOR X.X.X.X ADVERTISED-ROUTES SHOW IP BGP NEIGHBOT X.X.X.X RECEIVED-ROUTES SHOW IP BGP NEIGHBOR X.X.X.X ROUTES（需要命令neighbor soft reconfiguration） DEBUG IP BGP DEBUG IP BGP X.X.X.X UPDATE DEBUG IP BGP EVENTS Clear ip bgp （soft in） Clear ip bgp (soft out) BGP基本概念/基本配置回顾BGP路由属性及其策略选路BGP汇总配置BGP过滤配置BGP故障排除 BGP Characteristics BGP is a distance-vector protocol with the following enhancements: Reliable updates: BGP runs on top of TCP (port 179) Incremental, triggered updates only Periodic keepalive messages to verify TCP connectivity Rich metrics (called path vectors or attributes) Designed to scale to huge internetworks (e.g., the Internet) BGP Characteristics (Cont.) Reliable Updates Use TCP as transport protocol No periodic updates Periodic keepalives to verify TCP connectivity Triggered updates are batched and rate-limited every 5 seconds for internal peer every 30 seconds for external peer 量太大，批量更新 BGP Databases Neighbor table （必须双向手工创建） List of BGP neighbors Show ip bgp neighbor （summary） BGP forwarding table/database（不是包含所有路径） List of all networks learned from each neighbor Can contain multiple（不是所有） pathways to destination networks Database contains BGP attributes for each pathway Show ip bgp IP routing table List of best paths to destination networks Show ip route BGP Commands BGP neighbor Command BGP Issues with Source IP Address When creating a BGP packet, the neighbor stateme