城出租车拥挤收费研究.DOC

城市出租车拥挤收费研究基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目，中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（ 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目，中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（SWJTU11ZT12） 祝进城，肖峰通讯作者: 肖峰（1978-），男，教授，研究方向为拥挤收费，网络优化算法，道路交通规划等。Email: xiaofeng@swjtu 通讯作者: 肖峰（1978-），男，教授，研究方向为拥挤收费，网络优化算法，道路交通规划等。Email: xiaofeng@. 第一作者: 祝进城（1986-），男，博士研究生，研究方向为城市道路拥挤收费优化。Email: zhuxi2031@126.com. (西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院，成都 610031) 摘 要：本文建立了多方式分担模型来分析拥挤收费背景下出租车是否也应征收拥挤费问题，并设计了求解模型的遗传算法。研究利用双层规划模型对该问题进行了描述，其中下层规划为组合网络均衡模型，刻画了出租车拥挤收费前后对出行产生、方式划分、路径选择及出行分布的影响，构建了与之等价的变分不等式；上层规划为社会福利的最大化。算例结果表明，是否应该对拥挤收费区域内的出租车征收拥挤费主要取决于私家车与出租车的单位距离运营成本之比。通常情况下（当二者的比值小于5.6时)，对出租车进行拥挤收费总能获得更大的社会福利。 关键词：交通运输工程；拥挤收费；出租车；社会福利；变分不等式 中图分类号：U491 文献标志码：A The Impact and Feasibility of Charging Taxis in the Pricing Zone ZHU Jin-cheng, XIAO Feng, SHUAI Bin, LIU Xiao-bo (School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China) Abstract: We established a multi-mode choice model to effectively investigate the impact and feasibility of charging taxis with link-based toll in the pricing zone when designing congestion pricing scheme. The model was developed as a bi-level programming problem where the lower-level was formulated as a variational inequality program, with the logit-based mode split, route choice, elastic demand and vacant taxi distributions and the upper-level was social welfare maximization. An efficient algorithm was implemented to solve this specific problem. The numerical example indicates that whether to charge taxis mainly relies on the ratio of operating cost of private car to that of taxi. The threshold of the ratio is 5.6 (which can hardly be reached in the real world) in the numerical example based on realistic data settings. So far as the ratio is lower than the threshold value, charging taxis always outweighs exempting them from the toll in terms of the maximum social welfare. Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; congestion pricing; taxi; social optimum; variational inequality 0前言 在