贵州省马尾松林地质量空间评价与低效林防控措施研究.docVIP

贵州省马尾松林地质量空间评价与低效林防控措施研究 　　摘要：系统分析了贵州省马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林地质量状况、低效林分布以及二者的相关性。结果表明，贵州省马尾松林地质量主要为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级林地，占全省马尾松总面积的93.69%；马尾松资源集中分布在黔东南、遵义、铜仁、贵阳和黔南5个州（市），毕节、黔西南、安顺和六盘水4个州（市）只有零星分布；全省马尾松低效林面积488 816.25 hm2，占全省马尾松总面积的25.72%，其分布与岩溶石漠化状况基本一致，与林地质量呈正比。并据此提出规范林地管理、强化苗木质量和加大科技支撑体系建设等是消减低效林产生的有效防控措施。 　　关键词：马尾松；低效林；喀斯特；近自然经营 　　中图分类号：S724；S791.248 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）20-5202-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.20.010 　　Abstract： The quality of Pinus massoniana woodland and spatial distribution of inefficient Pinus massoniana in Guizhou province were analyzed systematically， and the correlation between them was compared. The results showed that the quality of Pinus massoniana woodland was generally low in Guizhou province，it was mainly the quality level of Ⅲ，Ⅳ grade， accounting for 93.69% of the total Pinus massoniana woodland. Pinus massoniana resources concentrated five cities or prefectures （Qiandongnan， Zunyi， Tongren， Guiyang and Qiannan），which were also scattered at the remaining four cities or prefectures in Guizhou province. Inefficient forest area was 488 816.25 hm2，accounting for 25.72%. The distribution of Pinus massoniana karst was basically the same as that of karst rocky desertification， and proportional with forest quality. According to the results，it was proposed that standardizing woodland management， strengthening quality seedlings，increasing scientific and technological support system construction were effective prevention and control measures to reduce the production of low-efficiency forest. 　　Key words： Pinus massoniana；low-efficiency forest；karst；close-to-natural forest management 　　?R尾松（Pinus massoniana）是中国松属树种中分布最广的一种，为中国南方主要材用树种，广泛分布于15个省（区），面积超过1.5×105 km2[1]，具有适宜性强、材质好、用途广、耐烟尘、附加值高等特点，为建材等林产工业提供了大量的木质资源，但由于自然、人为以及经营理念等方面的影响，马尾松林已成为中国南方森林中面积最大的退化类型[1]。马尾松作为贵州省栽植面积最大、林木蓄积量第二的用材林树种，在维护区域生态平衡、保障国民经济发展方面具有举足轻重的作用，但局限于岩溶石漠化、区域发展不均衡、经营管理理念落后等条件的限制，贵州省普遍存在马尾松区域分布不均衡、林地生产率不高、地力日渐衰退、生物多样性低、林分稳定性差、林木质量下降等现象，低效林面积呈现日益增加的趋势。因此，摸清贵州省马尾松低效林的