吸烟与健康 - 副本.ppt

* * * * * * 因此，被动吸烟所致儿童哮喘已经成为影响儿童健康的主要社会问题之一。 应引起全社会的重视。 * 二手烟环境的孩子罹患中耳炎几率更大，研究发现，美国家庭二手烟的减少与中耳炎病例减少关联密切。研究人员表示，二手烟环境会增加空气中的不健康颗粒，其中包括尼古丁和其它有毒物质。 美国陆军军医总署2006年的一项研究显示，足够的证据表明，父母及家人吸烟与儿童耳炎关联密切。 据研究人员统计，父母吸烟的儿童更容易发生耳朵感染和听力问题。因此，专家展开调查，发现，如果家中有人吸烟，那么儿童中耳炎发生的概率会增加37%。如果母亲吸烟的话，儿童中耳炎概率更高，会增加62%，中耳炎手术危险增加86%。 研究人员分析，二手烟容易导致儿童耳道感染和堵塞，体液会渗漏至耳鼓后空隙处，形成细菌温床，导致感染，从而诱发中耳炎问题，因此，为了保护孩子听力健康，一定要戒烟。 * * 有证据证明儿童吸入二手烟导致疾病的证据呢，还有有很多，我们看看最新的研究证据。被动吸烟的儿童易患高血压这项调查由海德堡大学医院等机构联合完成，海德堡及其周边地区有4000多名5岁至6岁儿童参与，近12%的受访儿童的父母吸烟。 * 主动吸烟、被动吸烟对孕妇的危害不言而喻，其实胎儿也是深受其害，这都是科学证实的对胎儿健康的危害 吸烟会对人体健康造成严重危害，而戒烟是已被证实的减轻吸烟危害的唯一方法。吸烟者戒烟后可获得巨大的健康益处，包括延长寿命、降低吸烟相关疾病的发病及死亡风险、改善多种吸烟相关疾病的预后等。 * * Key Point The health benefits of quitting smoking start immediately and are sustained such that 15 years after quitting smoking, the coronary heart disease risk of a former smoker is equal to that of a nonsmoker. Background When gauging the health benefits from smoking cessation one is encouraged to assess both the short-term and long-term improvements. Within 2 weeks to 3 months lung function may begin to improve and there may be notable decreases in coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath. Around the year mark, coronary heart disease risk, the leading cause of death in the United States, improves with smoking cessation to a point where excess risk is reduced by 50% and continues to decline thereafter. Within the 5-15 year range, the risk of stroke for smoking cessators returns to the level of a person who has never smoked. Other potential long-term benefits include: the risk of lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer death in the United States, declines steadily after smoking cessation; and by 10 years after cessation, the risk of lung cancer is 30-50% that of continuing smokers. And beyond this, smoking cessation may also reduce the risk of cancers of the larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas, urinary bladder and of developing ulcers of the stomach or duodenum. Other long-term benefits