西格玛键和派键0725Wehavealreadystudiedthat-华译网翻译公司.PDFVIP

翻译样稿 北京华译网翻译公司 The Sigma ( σ ) and Pi ( ) Bonds 07.25 西格玛键和派键 07.25 We have already studied that various stable compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. These bonds, called the covalent bonds, may be single as in the case of hydrogen, double as in oxygen or triple as in nitrogen. In this topic, we will study these three different types of covalent bonds, composed of the sigma and pi bonds. Let us consider two hydrogen atoms approaching each other. The imaginary line connecting the two hydrogen nuclei, along which the atoms approach each other, is known as the internuclear axis. 我们已经研究了不同的稳态化合物， 它们都是由原子共享电子而构成的。这些键被称为 共价 键，对氢来说有一根键，对氧来说有两根，对氮来说有三根。本文中我们将讨论这三种不同类型的 共价键，这些键可能分为西格玛键和派键。 让我们以两个氢原子为例。假想用线连接这两个氢原子核，使这两个原子相互接近，那么这根 线可以被称为核间轴。 We know that each of these hydrogen atoms has a single electron in a 1s orbital. As these atoms come very close to each other, their s orbitals, which are spherical in shape, overlap along the internuclear axis, thereby facilitating the sharing of electrons. Such a type of overlap of orbitals, in which the shared electron pair lies on the internuclear axis, is called an axial overlap and the bond so formed is called a sigma bond. As we can see clearly, the shared electron cloud lies exactly in the centre of the two nuclei and being negatively charged, it is attracted simultaneously by the positively charged nuclei of both the hydrogen atoms. Also, the extent of overlap of the orbitals is quite high. This greater extent of overlap of the overlapping orbitals as well as the strong attractive force exerted by the two nuclei makes the sigma bond quite strong. Now, lets consider two