ChapterFluidstatics中文.ppt

Chapter Two 流体静力学 Fluid statics 本章基本要求 作用在流体上的力 流体静压强及其特性 流体的平衡微分方程式 绝对与相对静止流体中的压强分布规律及计算 平面与曲面上的流体总压力 静力学定义 Fluid statics is the study of fluids in which there is no relative motion between fluid particles. “静”——绝对静止、相对静止 §2-1作用在流体上的力 质量力 Mass Force 表面力 Surface force 质量力 Mass Force Exercise: Compare the value of unit mass force on water with that on mercury in the gravity flow field. A. fwfm；???? C. fwfm； ? B. fw=fm；???? D.Uncertain。? 2.表面力Surface Force 表面力的分类 Similarly：px=py=pz=p 静压强特征 1.静压强方向沿作用面的内法线方向 . 2.任一点静压强的大小与作用面的方位无关 静压强的特征： 大小 方向 Note： （1）在不同点的静压强可以是不同的 . （2）实际流体运动时某点上的来自各个方向压强不一定相同 （3）理相流体的压强特性与静力学中相同 §2-2流体平衡微分方程 1.欧拉平衡微分方程Euler Equilibrium Equations 欧拉方程 Euler’s Equations: 2.质量力的势函数 Potential Function of Mass Force 3.等压面的微分方程Differential Equations of Equipressure Surface  等压面性质The property of Equipressure Surface 等压面就是等势面 dW=0 等压面与质量力垂直 两种不相混合平衡液体的交界面必然是等压面 §2-3 重力场中的平衡流体Static Fluid under Gravity 一、不可压缩流体的静压强基本公式  The Static Pressure Formulas of Incompressible Fluid Elevation Head Z ：the elevation height above datum surface 0-0. It means?elevation potential energy per unit weight of fluid above datum plane.? pressure head p/ρg：it means pressure potential energy per unit weight of fluid above atmospheric pressure. Piezometric Head（ z+p/g）：Total potential energy per unit weight of fluid. Physical meanings： 1. For any points in a static fluid under gravity, their unit potential energy above the same datum surface are the same. That is to say, piezometric heads at any points are equal, when elevation head increases ,pressure head decreases. ??? 2. For the homogenous（ ρ =const）fluid in connection, a horizontal plane（z1 = z2=const) must be equipressure surface（ p1 = p2?=const）. 重力作用下的液体压强分布规律The law of static pressure distribution 自由表面上 §2-4 静压强的计算与测量Calculation and measurement of static pressure 1. Pressure 压强的测量Measurement of Pressure 测压管Barometer U-型管测压计 U-tube