输电线路故障电压行波特性研究报告.docVIP

输电线路故障电压行波特研究施慎行Abstract：A Line parameters of high voltage transmission lines, especially of EHV/UHV long distance transmission line, have the haracteristics of distribution parameters obviously. When a fault is occurred on a transmission line, voltage fault travelling waves and current fault travelling waves generated by fault superimposed voltage source have abundant fault information which can be use as criteria for fault detection. The characteristic analysis of voltage fault travelling waves after a fault occurred on a transmission line concluded that: Voltage fault travelling waves after a fault consist of two components, pre-fault load travelling waves and post-fault fault travelling waves, and fault travelling waves can be classified into fault transient travelling waves and fault steady-state travelling waves according to time period, and fault transient travelling waves contain two characteristics, high-frequency wave-front and power frequency component, and the polarity of high frequency wave-front is the same as the initial polarity of power frequency component. Research on characteristics of voltage transient travelling waves provide an important theoretical basis for the establishment of new direction protection theory based on travelling waves. Keywords—transmission lines; voltage fault traveling waves; fault transient traveling waves; fault steady-state traveling waves; high frequency wave-front. 1 导言 故障分析是继电保护基础。传统的故障分析中，模拟传输线由集中参数等值电路模拟。但特高压长输电线路，其参数有明确的分布参数特点。因此故障特征应用分布参数等效电路来分析 [ 1 ] 。根据故障叠加原理，附加电源在输电线路突然故障后瞬间作用线路。因此，会有电压和电流的叠加组成部分，沿传输线路传输。这些故障行波含有丰富的故障信息，例如故障方向，位置及发生故障的时间等等。自20世纪40年代后，许多学者开始对基于行波的线路故障测距进行研究，基于电流行波的故障测距手段已经成功应用在了国家电网。现在，电容式电压互感器（ CVT），已广泛应用于超高压/特高压电力系统，但是研究表明CVT不能有效地变换电压行波，它只能变换频率接近于工频的电压行波分量，所以它不能应用在基于电压行波的线路保护[ 12-14 ] 。事实上，故障电压行波的特征尚未深入研究。而本文将深入分析故障电压行的特征，并提取故障信息，为新的基于行波的线路保护提供理论基础 2 行波传播基本理论 在图1中，当一个正弦电压源施加到传输线时，电压会沿线路分布参数等效电路蔓延。 然而，由于分布电容和电抗器的存在，电压或电流对这些储能元件不能突然改变，总是有一个充电和放电过程。分布电感将建立磁场和而分布电容将建立电场。在导线周围的空间，电场和磁场的能量