高级计算机网络 传输层协议详解.ppt

Lecture 5: The Transport Layer (Internet Transport Protocols) TCP Service Model Applications access TCP services through “sockets” Socket is presented as “(IP address，port)” Every connection is expressed as (socketsource, socketdestination), which is a point-to-point full-duplex channel TCP does not support multicast and broadcast TCP Service Model Problems must be solved in TCP: Reliable transfer Flow control Sliding window congestion avoidance… Connection management Establish connection：three handshakes Release connection： four handshakes TCP Protocol TCP Protocol Code Bits: URG：work with the urgency pointer to send the urgency data ACK：this segment is an ACK segment PSH：No data cache will done in both source and destination host. Data will be send or receive immediately RST：reset the connection because of the faults unable to be recovered SYN：indicate connection establishing FIN：indicate connection releasing TCP Protocol Hosts exchange data by using segment(TPDU) between each other Each segment has a header of 20 bytes(except optional parts) and 0 or more data bytes The size of the segment must be matched with IP packets，and also must satisfy the demand of bottom layers. For example, the MTU(Maximal Transfer Unit) of Ethernet is 1500 bytes Each byte has a 32 bits sequence number Sliding window protocol is used in TCP to control the data flow. In the protocol, the sequence number of the ACK segment is just the sequence number ought to be received TCP Connection Management Recall: TCP sender, receiver establish “connection” before exchanging data segments initialize TCP variables: seq. #s buffers, flow control info (e.g. RcvWindow) client: connection initiator Socket clientSocket = new Socket(hostname,port number); server: contacted by client Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept(); Three way handshake: Step 1: client host sends TCP SYN segment to server specifies initial seq # no data Step 2: server host receives SYN, replies with SYNACK segme