导线测量中三角高程代替四等水准测量可靠性探讨.docVIP

论文题目: 专 业: 生: （签名）指导教师: the Reliability of Triangulated height Surveying Replaces Four order Leveling in Traversing Major： Geodetic engineering Name： Li xianpeng Signature: Supervisor：Li xiao Signature: ABSTRACT At present, high-precision measurement of the height is still mainly leveling, But with the development of society, by topographic constraints, leveling because of the labor-intensive, long operating time, has been unable to adapt some of the larger projects, especially in Height difference elevation, the mountains of the larger project than lines, as well as large-scale water conservancy projects?Bridge engineering. Trigonometric leveling using terrain conditions, because it affected a small, fast survey, just adapted to the needs of construction projects, especially with the advent of electronic measurement technology, total station and range finder are?widely used, so that trigonometric leveling in engineering has been widely used.????? This paper analyzes the status and the development of trigonometric leveling. By analyzing the measurement principle of trigonometric leveling?and the error sources and accuracy, Demonstration can be draw that it is reliability for using trigonometric leveling instead of four levels. And also this paper discusses the application of trigonometric leveling conditions and limitations, and proposes solutions.? ????? KEY WORDS: trigonometric leveling，four order leveling，error analysis，bilateral observation，method of balancing the distances to fore point and to back point 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 三角高程测量的研究背景 1 1.2 三角高程测量在国内外发展状况 2 1.2.1 国外三角高程测量的研究状况 2 1.2.2 国内三角高程测量的概况 3 1.2.3 三角高程测量的发展 5 1.3 本文主要研究的内容和思想 6 1.3.1 本文主要研究的内容 6 1.3.2 本文主要研究思想 7 第二章 三角高程测量的方法原理 8 2.1 三角高程的特点 8 2.1.1 高程测量方法的简介 8 2.1.2 三角高程测量的特点及其优点 9 2.2 三角高程测量的基本方法原理 10 2.3 全站仪三角高程测量的基本方法和原理 11 2.3.1 全站仪三角高程测量单向观测 11 2.3.2 全站仪三角高程测量对向观测 13 2.3.3 全站仪三角高程测量中间观测 14 第三章 三角高程测量精度分析 16 3.1 三角高程测量的精度分析 16 3.1.1 单向