英美概况(美国)8+9.pptVIP

Chapter Eight Nine USA during the two World Wars We will explore: The beginning of World War Ⅰ:general introduction US’s entrance into World War Ⅰ: reasons US during World War Ⅰ: time sequence, historical events US after World War Ⅰ: Era of Prosperity, the beginning of Great Depression Roosevelt’s New Deal Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies US during World War Ⅱ: important conferences The Cold War period Civil Right Movement World WarⅠ/ WWⅠ (1914–1918) the Allies vs the Central Powers United Kingdom France Russian Empire Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, and Portugal. German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Bulgaria. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in this war. More than 15 million people were killed, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history. Causes of World War I economic rivalries: tariff war and stiff competition between Britain Germany colonial disputes: Germany’s demand for re-dividing the world according to economic strength political alliances: forming of two conflicting military groups/blocs Customs war also known as a toll war or tariff war a type of economical conflict between two or more states In order to pressure one of the states, the other raises taxes or tariffs for some of the products of that state. As a reprisal, the latter state may also increase the tariffs. To avoid customs wars which are considered harmful to the worlds economy, the World Trade Organization was created. The immediate trigger the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on 28 June 1914 the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary While he and his wife rode in an open car in Sarajevo, Bosnia, they were assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. resulted in Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom of Serbia World War I America’s late entrance into the war National Defense Act, 1916 doubled the standing army recognized the National Guard provided