日本艉拖网渔船的发展.docx

外文：Development of Japanese Stern trawlersWhen the Japanese trawler fisheries were searching for new overseas fishing grounds to expand operations beyond the region of the East China Sea and Japanese waters, where fishing until then had been prosperous, a study of European stern-trawling techniques was first undertaken. In 1955 the training ship, UmitakeMaru ,of Tokyo University of Fisheries was then built, following closely the design of a Europe stern trawler .In 1957 ,the Taiyo Maru No.51, a larger trawler ,was built by a Japanese firm, but as the data on stern-trawler construction was still insufficient it was planned that the vessel would serve both as a deep-sea trawler and as a carrier for the Antarctic whaling industry. This design proved so successful, however, and such good results were obtained by the two vessels in the North Pacific and New Zealand waters that about 30 stern trawlers of 1,500 to 2,500 GT were launched by Japanese fishing companies during the years 1960 to 1963. These trawlers not only operate in waters off the North-West African coast and transport their catch to Japan, but are also required to process frozen fish for export, meeting the various consumption requirements peculiar to the importing countries. Large trawlers were developed with the capacity of operating for long periods in distant waters. They were fully equipped with filleting machinery and meal plant to produce various finished products with the minimum of wastage. In 1964 designs were so improved in the 2,500 to 3,500 GT range that adequate space to accommodate essential maintenance personnel and equipment was available. From an economic aspect the larger the trawler the larger must be the catch which can only be acquired from deep water fishing grounds, entailing heavier duty trawl winches. Stern trawlers of 300 GT were also built by lesser Japanese fishing companies for operation mainly in the North Pacific utilizing a powerful trawl winch and main engine. Their small